全球避孕設備市場 - 2025 至 2033 年

2024 年全球避孕設備市場規模達到 109.8 億美元，預計到 2033 年將達到 193.7 億美元，2025-2033 年預測期間的複合年成長率為 6.6%。

避孕裝置是一種物理產品，透過阻止精子到達卵子或改變身體的荷爾蒙或物理環境來降低懷孕的可能性，從而防止懷孕。這些設備形式多樣，男女均可使用。它們是最常見的避孕方法之一，與藥丸或注射等荷爾蒙避孕方法並列。避孕設備為計劃生育、生殖健康和人口控制提供了重要的解決方案。

在人口、社會、經濟和醫療保健等多種因素的推動下，全球對避孕設備的需求一直在穩步成長。這種不斷成長的需求主要受到人們對更好的計劃生育、更有效的生殖控制、增強的性健康意識和新產品推出的渴望的影響。例如，2024 年 9 月，ConTIPI Medical 與 EVERSANA 合作，支援 ProVate 設備在美國商業發布。

市場動態：

促進因素與約束因素

意識的提高和政府的舉措

不斷增強的認知度和政府舉措極大地推動了避孕設備市場的成長，預計將在預測期內推動市場的發展。世界各國政府都將計劃生育作為公共衛生的重要方面，並認知到計劃生育對經濟發展、醫療保健成本和性別平等有直接影響。許多國家已經啟動國家計劃生育項目，使廣大民眾更容易取得和負擔得起避孕設備。

例如，印度的國家計劃生育計劃一直是該國避孕藥具分發工作的基石。印度的目標是降低人口成長率，透過政府補貼和宣傳活動，數百萬人已經了解了現代避孕方法。 2020 年，印度使用子宮內避孕器和埋植劑等長效可逆避孕藥 (LARC) 的人數增加。

無論是政府或非政府組織發起的宣傳活動都為廣大民眾，特別是醫療資源匱乏的農村地區民眾，提供了有關避孕方法的重要資訊。這些措施強調了避孕設備的好處，並提供準確的資訊以打擊有關避孕的迷思和錯誤訊息。透過教育大眾，特別是年輕人和婦女，政府和組織正在消除使用避孕藥具的障礙，從而增加需求。

例如，在美國等國家，計劃生育等組織開展教育項目，以提高人們對避孕方法的認知。這些項目旨在向人們提供有關生殖健康選擇的資訊，從而增加避孕方法的採用。 2021年，美國有超過240萬人使用了計劃生育協會提供的避孕服務，這顯示了宣傳計畫的有效性。

副作用和健康問題

雖然避孕設備在預防懷孕和控制生殖方面具有顯著的優勢，但副作用和健康問題仍然是阻礙市場成長的關鍵因素。這些擔憂常常導致人們在使用某些方法時猶豫不決，甚至可能導致在首次使用後停止使用，從而限制了它們的整體採用和市場擴張。

許多流行的避孕裝置，特別是子宮內避孕器 (IUD)、植入物和陰道環等荷爾蒙避孕裝置，都會向體內釋放荷爾蒙。雖然這些方法在預防懷孕方面非常有效，但它們往往會帶來一系列副作用，阻礙使用者繼續使用。然而，插入時存在感染和子宮穿孔的風險，特別是在不是在無菌環境中或由經過培訓的醫療專業人員進行的情況下。

有些人擔心荷爾蒙避孕方法對健康的長期影響，包括生育問題或增加癌症風險。人們擔心使用植入物或子宮內避孕器等荷爾蒙裝置可能會降低生育能力或延遲停止使用後恢復正常生育能力。然而，這些擔憂往往基於錯誤訊息或過時的研究。

目錄

第1章：市場介紹和範圍

• 報告目標
• 報告範圍和定義
• 報告範圍

第 2 章：高階主管見解與關鍵要點

• 市場亮點和戰略要點
• 主要趨勢和未來預測
• 按產品類型分類
• 技術片段
• 按性別分類
• 按配銷通路分類
• 按地區分類

第 3 章：動態

• 影響因素
  • 驅動程式
    • 提高意識和政府舉措
    • 避孕裝置的不斷進步
  • 限制
    • 副作用和健康問題
    • 避孕設備成本高昂
  • 機會
    • 政府舉措
  • 影響分析

第4章：戰略洞察與產業展望

• 市場領導者和先驅者
  • 新興先鋒和傑出參與者
  • 擁有最大銷售品牌的成熟領導者
  • 擁有成熟產品的市場領導者
• CXO 觀點
• 最新進展與突破
• 案例研究/正在進行的研究
• 監管和報銷情況
  • 北美洲
  • 歐洲
  • 亞太地區
  • 拉丁美洲
  • 中東和非洲
• 波特五力分析
• 供應鏈分析
• 專利分析
• SWOT 分析
• 未滿足的需求和差距
• 市場進入和擴張的推薦策略
• 情境分析：最佳情況、基本情況和最壞情況預測
• 定價分析和價格動態
• 關鍵意見領袖

第 5 章：避孕設備市場（依產品類型）

• 保險套
• 隔膜和子宮頸帽
• 海綿
• 陰道環
• 子宮內避孕器 (IUD)
• 皮下植入

第 6 章：避孕設備市場（依技術）

• 荷爾蒙避孕藥
• 工具避孕

第 7 章：避孕設備市場（依性別）

• 男性
• 女性

第 8 章：避孕設備市場（依配銷通路）

• 醫院藥房
• 零售藥局
• 線上通路
• 其他

第 9 章：避孕設備市場，按區域市場分析與成長機會

• 北美洲
  • 美國
  • 加拿大
  • 墨西哥
• 歐洲
  • 德國
  • 英國
  • 法國
  • 西班牙
  • 義大利
  • 歐洲其他地區
• 南美洲
  • 巴西
  • 阿根廷
  • 南美洲其他地區
• 亞太
  • 中國
  • 印度
  • 日本
  • 韓國
  • 亞太其他地區
• 中東和非洲

第 10 章：競爭格局與市場定位

• 競爭概況和主要市場參與者
• 市佔率分析與定位矩陣
• 策略夥伴關係、併購
• 產品組合和創新的關鍵發展
• 公司基準化分析

第 11 章：公司簡介

• CooperSurgical, Inc.
• 公司概況
• 產品組合和描述
• 財務概覽
• 主要進展
• SWOT 分析
• Pregna International Limited
• Reckitt Benckiser group
• Veru Inc.
• Bayer AG
• Abbvie Inc.
• EUROGINE, SL
• Mona Lisa NV
• Prosan International BV
• OCON Medical Ltd.

第 12 章：假設與研究方法

• 資料收集方法
• 數據三角測量
• 預測技術
• 數據驗證和確認

第 13 章：附錄

The global contraceptive devices market reached US$ 10.98 billion in 2024 and is expected to reach US$ 19.37 billion by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 6.6% during the forecast period of 2025-2033.

Contraceptive devices are physical products designed to prevent pregnancy by either obstructing sperm from reaching an egg or altering the body's hormonal or physical environment to make pregnancy less likely. These devices come in various forms and can be used by both men and women. They are one of the most common methods of birth control, alongside hormonal methods like pills or injections. Contraceptive devices provide a critical solution in family planning, reproductive health, and population control.

The demand for contraceptive devices has been steadily increasing worldwide, driven by a combination of demographic, social, economic, and healthcare-related factors. This growing demand is primarily influenced by the desire for better family planning, more effective control over reproduction, increasing awareness of sexual health, and novel product launches. For instance, in September 2024, ConTIPI Medical partnered with EVERSANA to support the US commercial launch of the ProVate device.

Market Dynamics: Drivers & Restraints

Rising Awareness and Government Initiatives

The rising awareness and government initiatives are significantly driving the growth of the contraceptive devices market and are expected to drive the market over the forecast period. Governments worldwide are prioritizing family planning as a key aspect of public health, recognizing that it has a direct impact on economic development, healthcare costs, and gender equality. Many countries have launched national family planning programs that make contraceptive devices more accessible and affordable to a broad population.

For instance, the National Family Planning Program in India has been a cornerstone of the country's contraceptive distribution efforts. India aims to reduce its population growth rate, and through government subsidies and awareness campaigns, millions of people have been introduced to modern contraceptive methods. In 2020, India saw an increase in the use of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) such as IUDs and implants.

Awareness campaigns, whether spearheaded by governments or NGOs, have brought crucial information about contraceptive methods to a wide range of people, particularly in underserved and rural areas. These initiatives emphasize the benefits of contraceptive devices and provide accurate information to combat myths and misinformation about contraception. By educating the public, particularly young people and women, governments and organizations are removing barriers to contraceptive use, leading to higher demand.

For instance, in countries like the United States, organizations like Planned Parenthood run education programs to raise awareness about contraceptive methods. These programs aim to equip individuals with information on their reproductive health options, thus increasing the adoption of contraceptive methods. In 2021, over 2.4 million people in the U.S. used contraceptive services provided by Planned Parenthood, illustrating the effectiveness of awareness programs.

Side Effects and Health Concerns

While contraceptive devices offer significant benefits in terms of preventing pregnancy and controlling reproduction, side effects and health concerns remain key factors that can hamper market growth. These concerns often lead to hesitancy in using certain methods and can even result in discontinuation after initial use, limiting their overall adoption and market expansion.

Many popular contraceptive devices, particularly hormonal options like IUDs (intrauterine devices), implants, and vaginal rings, release hormones into the body. While these methods are highly effective in preventing pregnancy, they often come with a range of side effects that deter users from continued use. However, there are associated risks of infection and uterine perforation upon insertion, especially if not performed in a sterile environment or by trained healthcare professionals.

Some individuals are concerned about the long-term impact of hormonal contraceptive methods on their health, including fertility issues or increased cancer risk. There are fears that the use of hormonal devices like implants or IUDs may reduce fertility or delay the return to normal fertility after stopping use. However, these concerns are often based on misinformation or outdated studies.

Segment Analysis

The global contraceptive devices market is segmented based on product type, technology, gender, distribution channel, and region.

Product Type:

The condoms is expected to dominate in the product type segment of contraceptive devices market with the share.

The condoms segment holds a dominant position in the global contraceptive devices market due to several factors, including affordability, ease of use, dual protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and wide availability. The combination of these factors has made condoms the most widely used form of contraception worldwide.

One of the most significant reasons for the dominance of condoms is that they provide dual protection against both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Unlike other contraceptive methods, such as IUDs or hormonal contraceptives, condoms are the only method that also helps prevent the transmission of diseases like HIV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea. This makes condoms particularly popular in regions with high rates of STIs.

For instance, according to the World Health Organization, 374 million new STI infections occurred globally among adults aged 15-49 with 1 of the 4 curable STIs: syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis. Most of these could be prevented with the correct use of condoms.

Condoms are low-cost compared to other contraceptive methods, which makes them highly accessible to a wide demographic, including low-income populations. Many countries offer free or subsidized condoms through public health initiatives, making them available to even those in remote or underserved areas. The wide availability, coupled with affordability, has made condoms the most used method of contraception globally.

Geographical Analysis

North America is expected to hold a significant position in the contraceptive devices market with the highest market share

North America boasts one of the highest levels of awareness and education about family planning and sexual health globally. Comprehensive sex education programs, particularly in the U.S. and Canada, ensure that individuals have a clear understanding of contraception methods, their benefits, and their side effects. This has led to the widespread acceptance and use of various contraceptive devices.

For instance, according to the Guttmacher Institute, 99% of women aged 15-44 in the U.S. who have had sex have used at least one contraceptive method, with 75% of them using modern methods like IUDs, implants, and condoms. The high level of awareness about birth control options directly drives demand for contraceptive devices.

Governments in North America actively promote family planning and reproductive health through subsidies, awareness campaigns, and public health programs. These initiatives play a critical role in ensuring that contraceptive devices are accessible and affordable for a broad population. For instance, the United States government supports family planning through federal programs like Title X, which provides funding for family planning clinics.

Asia-Pacific is growing at the fastest pace in the contraceptive devices market

The Asia-Pacific region has the largest population in the world, with over 4.6 billion people, representing about 60% of the global population. This vast population, especially in countries like India and China, creates a substantial demand for family planning solutions and contraceptive methods. As the population continues to grow, governments and individuals are increasingly turning to contraception to control family sizes and improve reproductive health.

For instance, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion people, India is one of the world's most populous countries, and the demand for contraceptives is increasing as families seek to manage the birth rate. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS), over 50% of married women in India use modern contraceptive methods, with a significant portion opting for IUDs, condoms, and oral contraceptive pills. India's government has actively promoted family planning through programs like Mission Parivar Vikas, aiming to increase contraceptive prevalence.

Governments in the Asia-Pacific region play a critical role in promoting family planning and contraceptive use through policies and financial support. Many countries have established national programs to distribute contraceptive devices, reduce birth rates, and improve maternal health. This government backing has directly contributed to the growing contraceptive market. For instance, India has consistently emphasized family planning in its national policies, and its National Family Planning Program has expanded access to free or subsidized contraceptives across the country. This has led to a rise in the use of IUDs, oral contraceptives, and sterilization methods.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the contraceptive devices market include CooperSurgical, Inc., Pregna International Limited, Reckitt Benckiser Group, Veru Inc., Bayer AG, Abbvie Inc., EUROGINE, S.L., Mona Lisa N.V., Prosan International BV, and OCON Medical Ltd., among others.

Why Purchase the Report?

• Pipeline & Innovations: Reviews ongoing clinical trials, product pipelines, and forecasts upcoming advancements in medical devices and pharmaceuticals.
• Product Performance & Market Positioning: Analyze product performance, market positioning, and growth potential to optimize strategies.
• Real-World Evidence: Integrates patient feedback and data into product development for improved outcomes.
• Physician Preferences & Health System Impact: Examines healthcare provider behaviors and the impact of health system mergers on adoption strategies.
• Market Updates & Industry Changes: This covers recent regulatory changes, new policies, and emerging technologies.
• Competitive Strategies: Analyze competitor strategies, market share, and emerging players.
• Pricing & Market Access: Reviews pricing models, reimbursement trends, and market access strategies.
• Market Entry & Expansion: Identifies optimal strategies for entering new markets and partnerships.
• Regional Growth & Investment: Highlights high-growth regions and investment opportunities.
• Supply Chain Optimization: Assesses supply chain risks and distribution strategies for efficient product delivery.
• Sustainability & Regulatory Impact: Focuses on eco-friendly practices and evolving regulations in healthcare.
• Post-market Surveillance: Uses post-market data to enhance product safety and access.
• Pharmacoeconomics & Value-Based Pricing: Analyzes the shift to value-based pricing and data-driven decision-making in R&D.

The global contraceptive devices market report delivers a detailed analysis with 70 key tables, more than 64 visually impactful figures, and 163 pages of expert insights, providing a complete view of the market landscape.

Target Audience 2024

• Manufacturers: Pharmaceutical, Medical Device, Biotech Companies, Contract Manufacturers, Distributors, Hospitals.
• Regulatory & Policy: Compliance Officers, Government, Health Economists, Market Access Specialists.
• Technology & Innovation: AI/Robotics Providers, R&D Professionals, Clinical Trial Managers, Pharmacovigilance Experts.
• Investors: Healthcare Investors, Venture Fund Investors, Pharma Marketing & Sales.
• Consulting & Advisory: Healthcare Consultants, Industry Associations, Analysts.
• Supply Chain: Distribution and Supply Chain Managers.
• Consumers & Advocacy: Patients, Advocacy Groups, Insurance Companies.
• Academic & Research: Academic Institutions.

Table of Contents

1. Market Introduction and Scope

• 1.1. Objectives of the Report
• 1.2. Report Coverage & Definitions
• 1.3. Report Scope

2. Executive Insights and Key Takeaways

• 2.1. Market Highlights and Strategic Takeaways
• 2.2. Key Trends and Future Projections
• 2.3. Snippet by Product Type
• 2.4. Snippet by Technology
• 2.5. Snippet by Gender
• 2.6. Snippet by Distribution Channel
• 2.7. Snippet by Region

3. Dynamics

• 3.1. Impacting Factors
  • 3.1.1. Drivers
    • 3.1.1.1. Increasing Awareness and Government Initiatives
    • 3.1.1.2. Rising Advancements in Contraceptive Devices
  • 3.1.2. Restraints
    • 3.1.2.1. Side Effects and Health Concerns
    • 3.1.2.2. High Cost of Contraceptive Devices
  • 3.1.3. Opportunity
    • 3.1.3.1. Government Initiatives
  • 3.1.4. Impact Analysis

4. Strategic Insights and Industry Outlook

• 4.1. Market Leaders and Pioneers
  • 4.1.1. Emerging Pioneers and Prominent Players
  • 4.1.2. Established leaders with largest selling Brand
  • 4.1.3. Market leaders with established Product
• 4.2. CXO Perspectives
• 4.3. Latest Developments and Breakthroughs
• 4.4. Case Studies/Ongoing Research
• 4.5. Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape
  • 4.5.1. North America
  • 4.5.2. Europe
  • 4.5.3. Asia Pacific
  • 4.5.4. Latin America
  • 4.5.5. Middle East & Africa
• 4.6. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
• 4.7. Supply Chain Analysis
• 4.8. Patent Analysis
• 4.9. SWOT Analysis
• 4.10. Unmet Needs and Gaps
• 4.11. Recommended Strategies for Market Entry and Expansion
• 4.12. Scenario Analysis: Best-Case, Base-Case, and Worst-Case Forecasts
• 4.13. Pricing Analysis and Price Dynamics
• 4.14. Key Opinion Leaders

5. Contraceptive Devices Market, By Product Type

• 5.1. Introduction
  • 5.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
  • 5.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Product Type
• 5.2. Condoms*
  • 5.2.1. Introduction
  • 5.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 5.3. Diaphragms and Cervical Caps
• 5.4. Sponges
• 5.5. Vaginal Rings
• 5.6. Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)
• 5.7. Sub-dermal Implants

6. Contraceptive Devices Market, By Technology

• 6.1. Introduction
  • 6.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
  • 6.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Technology
• 6.2. Hormonal Contraceptives*
  • 6.2.1. Introduction
  • 6.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 6.3. Barrier Contraceptives

7. Contraceptive Devices Market, By Gender

• 7.1. Introduction
  • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Gender
  • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Gender
• 7.2. Male*
  • 7.2.1. Introduction
  • 7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 7.3. Female

8. Contraceptive Devices Market, By Distribution Channel

• 8.1. Introduction
  • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
• 8.2. Hospital Pharmacies*
  • 8.2.1. Introduction
  • 8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
• 8.3. Retail Pharmacies
• 8.4. Online Channels
• 8.5. Others

9. Contraceptive Devices Market, By Regional Market Analysis and Growth Opportunities

• 9.1. Introduction
  • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
  • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
• 9.2. North America
  • 9.2.1. Introduction
  • 9.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
  • 9.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
  • 9.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Gender
  • 9.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.2.7.1. U.S.
    • 9.2.7.2. Canada
    • 9.2.7.3. Mexico
• 9.3. Europe
  • 9.3.1. Introduction
  • 9.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
  • 9.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
  • 9.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Gender
  • 9.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.3.7.1. Germany
    • 9.3.7.2. U.K.
    • 9.3.7.3. France
    • 9.3.7.4. Spain
    • 9.3.7.5. Italy
    • 9.3.7.6. Rest of Europe
• 9.4. South America
  • 9.4.1. Introduction
  • 9.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
  • 9.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
  • 9.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Gender
  • 9.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.4.7.1. Brazil
    • 9.4.7.2. Argentina
    • 9.4.7.3. Rest of South America
• 9.5. Asia-Pacific
  • 9.5.1. Introduction
  • 9.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
  • 9.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
  • 9.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Gender
  • 9.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
  • 9.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
    • 9.5.7.1. China
    • 9.5.7.2. India
    • 9.5.7.3. Japan
    • 9.5.7.4. South Korea
    • 9.5.7.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
• 9.6. Middle East and Africa
  • 9.6.1. Introduction
  • 9.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
  • 9.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
  • 9.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
  • 9.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Gender
  • 9.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel

10. Competitive Landscape and Market Positioning

• 10.1. Competitive Overview and Key Market Players
• 10.2. Market Share Analysis and Positioning Matrix
• 10.3. Strategic Partnerships, Mergers & Acquisitions
• 10.4. Key Developments in Product Portfolios and Innovations
• 10.5. Company Benchmarking

11. Company Profiles

• 11.1. CooperSurgical, Inc.*
  • 11.1.1. Company Overview
  • 11.1.2. Product Portfolio and Description
  • 11.1.3. Financial Overview
  • 11.1.4. Key Developments
  • 11.1.5. SWOT Analysis
• 11.2. Pregna International Limited
• 11.3. Reckitt Benckiser group
• 11.4. Veru Inc.
• 11.5. Bayer AG
• 11.6. Abbvie Inc.
• 11.7. EUROGINE, S.L.
• 11.8. Mona Lisa N.V.
• 11.9. Prosan International BV
• 11.10. OCON Medical Ltd.

"*" Indicates similar breakdown for other companies

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

12. Assumption and Research Methodology

• 12.1. Data Collection Methods
• 12.2. Data Triangulation
• 12.3. Forecasting Techniques
• 12.4. Data Verification and Validation

13. Appendix

• 13.1. About Us and Services
• 13.2. Contact Us