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1455768

全球乳化維生素 D3 市場 - 2023-2030

Global Emulsified Vitamin D3 Market - 2023-2030

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 225 Pages | 商品交期: 約2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

概述

2022年,全球乳化維生素D3市場達到5.8811億美元,預計2030年將達到8.9574億美元,2023-2030年預測期間CAGR為5.4%。

現代生活方式往往導致在戶外工作、休閒或防曬的時間減少,限制了皮膚中天然維生素 D 的產生,而皮膚是大多數人的主要來源。維生素 D3 是骨骼健康、骨質疏鬆症和佝僂病防治所需的重要維生素。它具有多種作用,用於食品、飼料和醫療保健行業。骨質疏鬆症、自體免疫疾病和某些癌症等慢性疾病的全球盛行率正在上升。

維生素 D 充足與降低某些疾病的風險有關,從而推動了乳化維生素 D3 的市場。乳化維生素D3有多種劑型,如滴劑和咀嚼片,方便不同年齡層和喜好的人食用。人們對維生素 D 缺乏症的認知不斷提高、可支配收入增加以及新醫療保健技術的不斷採用等因素都有助於全球市場的擴張。

北美主導了全球乳化維生素 D3 市場。根據骨骼健康與骨質疏鬆基金會 2021 年 8 月的數據,大約 1,000 萬美國人患有骨質疏鬆症,另外 4,400 萬美國人骨密度低,這使他們面臨更大的風險。 5,400 萬美國人(佔 50 歲及以上成年人的一半)面臨骨折風險,應該關注骨骼健康。用於治療各種缺乏症的維生素 D 的高需求正在推動市場成長。

動力學

全球維生素缺乏症日益嚴重

根據美國國立衛生研究院統計,2023年7月,全球約有10億人缺乏維生素D,50%的人口維生素D不足。隨著人們對維生素D缺乏症的認知不斷提高,人們越來越需要補充維生素缺乏症以維持良好的健康狀況,因此增加了維生素D3的補充。

根據2017年至2020年3月進行的全國健康與營養調查,約3%的年輕人和18.5%的成年人報告使用維生素D補充劑。在那些報告服用維生素 D 補充劑的人中,33.9% 的年輕人和 66.9% 的成年人連續 30 天每天服用補充劑。應對維生素缺乏症的補充需求越高,由於乳化維生素 D3 的有效性質,對它的需求也越大。

乳化維生素 D3 的好處

乳化維生素D3補充劑提供了一種簡單有效的方法來增加維生素D攝取量,不受陽光照射或飲食限制的影響,增加日常生活中的補充習慣。隨著人們對維生素 D 缺乏症的認知不斷增強,乳化 D3 瞄準了更廣泛的年齡範圍,從年輕人到關注骨骼健康的老年人。維生素 D 與多種健康益處有關,乳化產品以其更好的吸收性和便利性迎合了人們對預防措施的關注。

乳化過程將維生素 D3 分解成更小的顆粒,與傳統的片劑或膠囊相比,可以更好地在腸道中吸收。這對於有消化問題或無法有效吸收營養的人尤其有益。乳化維生素 D3 有多種形式,如滴劑和軟糖,使兒童、老年人或吞嚥藥片有困難的人更容易食用。

乳化維生素D3成本高

傳統的維生素 D3 補充劑的製造相對簡單。它們涉及混合乾燥成分並將其壓製成片劑或膠囊。乳化選項需要額外的步驟。維生素 D3 需要使用特殊的乳化劑分散到液體載體。此製程較為複雜,需專用設備,導致生產成本較高。

乳化配方通常使用油和乳化劑等附加成分來形成穩定的乳液。與傳統補充劑中使用的簡單成分相比,這些額外成分會增加整體成本。與傳統維生素D3相比,乳化維生素D3的生產流程和成分使其成本更高。對價格敏感的客戶選擇低價產品,阻礙了市場成長。

目錄

目錄

第 1 章:方法與範圍

  • 研究方法論
  • 報告的研究目的和範圍

第 2 章:定義與概述

第 3 章:執行摘要

  • 劑量片段
  • 按表格列出的片段
  • 按口味摘錄
  • 目標受眾片段
  • 按配銷通路分類的片段
  • 按應用程式片段
  • 按地區分類的片段

第 4 章:動力學

  • 影響因素
    • 促進要素
      • 迫切需要應對全球日益嚴重的維生素缺乏症
      • 乳化維生素 D3 的好處
    • 限制
      • 乳化維生素D3成本高
    • 機會
    • 影響分析

第 5 章:產業分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供應鏈分析
  • 定價分析
  • 監管分析
  • DMI 意見

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

  • COVID-19 分析
    • 新冠疫情爆發前的情景
    • 新冠疫情期間的情景
    • 新冠疫情後的情景
  • COVID-19 期間的定價動態
  • 供需譜
  • 疫情期間政府與市場相關的舉措
  • 製造商策略舉措
  • 結論

第 7 章:按劑量

  • 低劑量(400 IU)
  • 基於體積的系統
  • 中等劑量(1,000 IU)
  • 高劑量(2,000 IU 或更多)

第 8 章:按形式

  • 軟膠囊
  • 液體(滴)
  • 咀嚼片

第 9 章:依口味

  • 覆盆子
  • 檸檬
  • 橘子
  • 其他

第 10 章:按目標受眾

  • 嬰兒和兒童
  • 孕婦及哺乳期婦女
  • 成年人

第 11 章:按配銷通路

  • 藥局和藥局
  • 非農
  • 專賣店
  • 電子商務
  • 其他

第 12 章:按應用

  • 食物
  • 餵食
  • 衛生保健

第 13 章:按地區

  • 北美洲
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 法國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙
    • 歐洲其他地區
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地區
  • 亞太
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳洲
    • 亞太其他地區
  • 中東和非洲

第14章:競爭格局

  • 競爭場景
  • 市場定位/佔有率分析
  • 併購分析

第 15 章:公司簡介

  • BASF
    • 公司簡介
    • 產品組合和描述
    • 財務概覽
    • 主要進展
  • Biotics Research Corporation
  • Adaptogen Research
  • Body of Harmony
  • bodykind Ltd.
  • Naka Pro
  • Nutri-Link
  • gnanaturals
  • Nutra Biogenesis
  • Designs for Health, Inc.

第 16 章:附錄

簡介目錄
Product Code: FB8229

Overview

Global Emulsified Vitamin D3 Market reached US$ 588.11 million in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 895.74 million by 2030, growing with a CAGR of 5.4% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Modern lifestyles often involve spending less time outdoors for work, leisure or sun protection, limiting natural vitamin D production in the skin, a primary source for most people. Vitamin D3 is an important vitamin needed for bone health osteoporosis and rickets aversion. It has various roles and is used in the food, feed and healthcare industries. The global prevalence of chronic diseases like osteoporosis, autoimmune disorders, and certain cancers is on the rise.

Vitamin D sufficiency is linked to a reduced risk of developing some of the various conditions, propelling the market for emulsified vitamin D3. Emulsified vitamin D3 comes in various forms like liquid drops and chewable tablets, making them easy to consume for different age groups and preferences. Factors like rising awareness of vitamin D deficiency, increasing disposable income, and growing adoption of new healthcare technologies contribute to market expansion globally.

North America dominated the global emulsified vitamin D3 market. According to Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation August 2021, approximately 10 million Americans have osteoporosis and another 44 million have low bone density, placing them at increased risk. 54 million Americans, half of all adults age 50 and older, are at risk of breaking a bone and should be concerned about bone health. The high demand for vitamin D to deal with various deficiency disorders is driving market growth.

Dynamics

Increasing Vitamin Deficiency Worldwide

According to the National Institutes of Health, in July 2023, about 1 billion people worldwide had vitamin D deficiency, while 50% of the population had vitamin D insufficiency. With growing awareness of vitamin D deficiency, there is a greater need for supplementation for vitamin deficiency to maintain good health conditions, increasing the supplementation for vitamin D3.

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2017 to March 2020, around 3% of young people and 18.5% of adults reported using vitamin D supplements. Of those who reported using vitamin D supplements, 33.9% of young people and 66.9% of adults took the supplement every day for 30 days. The higher the need for supplementation to deal with vitamin deficiencies, there is also greater demand for the emulsified vitamin D3 due to its effective nature.

Benefits of Emulsified Vitamin D3

Emulsified vitamin D3 supplements provide a simple and effective way to increase vitamin D intake, regardless of sun exposure or dietary limitations, increasing the supplementation habits in daily life. With growing awareness of vitamin D deficiency, emulsified D3 is targeting a wider age range, from young adults to seniors concerned about bone health. Vitamin D is linked to various health benefits, and emulsified options cater to this focus on preventative measures with their improved absorption and convenience.

The emulsification process breaks down vitamin D3 into smaller particles, allowing for better absorption in the gut compared to traditional tablets or capsules. This is especially beneficial for individuals with digestive issues or those who may not absorb nutrients effectively. Emulsified vitamin D3 comes in various forms like liquid drops and gummies, making it easier to consume for children, elderly individuals, or those who have trouble swallowing pills.

High-Cost of Emulsified Vitamin D3

Traditional vitamin D3 supplements are relatively simple to manufacture. They involve mixing dry ingredients and compressing them into tablets or capsules. Emulsified options require additional steps. The vitamin D3 needs to be dispersed into a liquid carrier using special emulsifying agents. This process is more complex and requires specialised equipment, contributing to higher production costs.

Emulsified formulas often use additional ingredients like oils and emulsifiers to create a stable emulsion. These additional ingredients can add to the overall cost compared to the simpler ingredients used in traditional supplements. The production process and ingredients of the emulsified vitamin D3 make them costlier compared to traditional vitamin D3. Price-sensitive customers choose low-priced products hindering the market growth.

Segment Analysis

The global emulsified vitamin D3 market is segmented based on dosage, form, flavor, target audience, distribution channel, application and region.

High Vitamin D Deficiency Among Adult Population

The global emulsified vitamin D3 market is segmented based on target audience into infants and children, pregnant and lactating women and adults. Each target audience benefits from the emulsified vitamin D3 in a similar manner, but the need and use of vitamin D3 among adults is higher compared to other age groups driving the segment growth. According to the August 2022, American Academy of Pediatrics 32% of young adults were deficient in vitamin D.

In the adult population, 35% of adults in United States are vitamin D deficient whereas over 80% of adults in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are vitamin D deficient. Similarly, 61% of the elderly population is vitamin D deficient in United States, whereas 90% in Turkey, 96% in India, 72% in Pakistan, and 67% in Iran were vitamin D deficient. To deal with the increasing deficiencies among the age groups, there is a higher demand for emulsified vitamin D3 for an efficient vitamin supply into the body.

Geographical Penetration

High Prevalence of Vitamin Deficiency in North America

North America dominated the global emulsified vitamin D3 market. Regional countries such as United States and Canada have a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. In the United States, 47% of African American infants and 56% of Caucasian infants have vitamin D deficiency. About 50% to 60% of nursing home residents and hospitalized patients have vitamin D deficiency in U.S.

Public health campaigns and media attention have raised awareness of this issue, leading to increased interest in vitamin D supplementation. People in North America are increasingly interested in preventive healthcare and taking a proactive approach to managing their health. The North American market is often receptive to new technologies and products. Emulsified Vitamin D3 is a relatively innovation, and North American companies are quicker to adopt and manufacture it compared to other regions.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the market include BASF, Biotics Research Corporation, Adaptogen Research, Body of Harmony, bodykind Ltd., Naka Pro, Nutri-Link, gnanaturals, Nutra Biogenesis and Designs for Health, Inc.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic had both positive and negative impact on the global market. The pandemic caused disruptions in global supply chains for raw materials and manufacturing processes. This led to temporary shortages or price fluctuations for emulsified Vitamin D3 supplements. The economic impact of COVID-19 has led some consumers to cut back on discretionary spending, potentially affecting sales of non-essential items like vitamin supplements.

The pandemic highlighted the importance of a strong immune system. Research studies suggesting a potential link between vitamin D sufficiency and reduced risk of respiratory infections have boosted interest in vitamin D supplementation. This has likely driven demand for emulsified vitamin D3 due to its potentially better absorption. A surge in e-commerce for various products, including health supplements, had a positive impact on the market as well.

By Dosage

  • Low Dose (400 IU)
  • Medium Dose (1,000 IU)
  • High Dose (2,000 IU or more)

By Form

  • Softgels
  • Liquids (Drops)
  • Chewable Tablets

By Flavor

  • Raspberry
  • Lemon
  • Orange
  • Others

By Target Audience

  • Infants and Children
  • Pregnant and Lactating Women
  • Adults

By Distribution Channel

  • Pharmacies and Drugstores
  • Specialty Stores
  • E-Commerce
  • Others

By Application

  • Food
  • Feed
  • Healthcare

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • UK
    • France
    • Italy
    • Russia
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In February 2024, Cadila Pharmaceuticals, an Indian pharmaceutical company announced the launch of the first-ever aqueous injection of vitamin D.
  • In February 2022, Amway launched a range of nutrition supplements. Nutrilite D-Fence Vitamin D3 Jelly Strip are in trendy, tasty, convenient and simplified formats.
  • In February 2021, DSM announced the approval of a new Certificate of Suitability for a vitamin D3 powder form.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global emulsified vitamin D3 market segmentation based on dosage, form, flavor, target audience, distribution channel, application and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of emulsified vitamin D3 market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global emulsified vitamin D3 market report would provide approximately 86 tables, 84 figures and 225 pages.

Target Audience 2023

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1.Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1.Research Methodology
  • 1.2.Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2.Definition and Overview

3.Executive Summary

  • 3.1.Snippet by Dosage
  • 3.2.Snippet by Form
  • 3.3.Snippet by Flavor
  • 3.4.Snippet by Target Audience
  • 3.5.Snippet by Distribution Channel
  • 3.6.Snippet by Application
  • 3.7.Snippet by Region

4.Dynamics

  • 4.1.Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1.Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1.High Need to Deal with the Increasing Vitamin Deficiency Worldwide
      • 4.1.1.2.Benefits of Emulsified Vitamin D3
    • 4.1.2.Restraints
      • 4.1.2.1.High-Cost of Emulsified Vitamin D3
    • 4.1.3.Opportunity
    • 4.1.4.Impact Analysis

5.Industry Analysis

  • 5.1.Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2.Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3.Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4.Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5.DMI Opinion

6.COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1.Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1.Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2.Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3.Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2.Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3.Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4.Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5.Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6.Conclusion

7.By Dosage

  • 7.1.Introduction
    • 7.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dosage
    • 7.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Dosage
  • 7.2.Low Dose (400 IU)
    • 7.2.1.Introduction
    • 7.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 7.3.Volume-Based Systems
  • 7.4.Medium Dose (1,000 IU)
  • 7.5.High Dose (2,000 IU or more)

8.By Form

  • 8.1.Introduction
    • 8.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 8.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Form
  • 8.2.Softgels
    • 8.2.1.Introduction
    • 8.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 8.3.Liquids (Drops)
  • 8.4.Chewable Tablets

9.By Flavor

  • 9.1.Introduction
    • 9.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Flavor
    • 9.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Flavor
  • 9.2.Raspberry
    • 9.2.1.Introduction
    • 9.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 9.3.Lemon
  • 9.4.Orange
  • 9.5.Others

10.By Target Audience

  • 10.1.Introduction
    • 10.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Target Audience
    • 10.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Target Audience
  • 10.2.Infants and Children
    • 10.2.1.Introduction
    • 10.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3.Pregnant and Lactating Women
  • 10.4.Adults

11.By Distribution Channel

  • 11.1.Introduction
    • 11.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 11.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Distribution Channel
  • 11.2.Pharmacies and Drugstores
    • 11.2.1.Introduction
    • 11.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 11.3.Non-agricultural
  • 11.4.Specialty Stores
  • 11.5.E-Commerce
  • 11.6.Others

12.By Application

  • 12.1.Introduction
    • 12.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 12.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
  • 12.2.Food
    • 12.2.1.Introduction
    • 12.2.2.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 12.3.Feed
  • 12.4.Healthcare

13.By Region

  • 13.1.Introduction
    • 13.1.1.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 13.1.2.Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 13.2.North America
    • 13.2.1.Introduction
    • 13.2.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.2.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dosage
    • 13.2.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 13.2.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Flavor
    • 13.2.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Target Audience
    • 13.2.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 13.2.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 13.2.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.2.9.1.U.S.
      • 13.2.9.2.Canada
      • 13.2.9.3.Mexico
  • 13.3.Europe
    • 13.3.1.Introduction
    • 13.3.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.3.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dosage
    • 13.3.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 13.3.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Flavor
    • 13.3.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Target Audience
    • 13.3.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 13.3.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 13.3.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.3.9.1.Germany
      • 13.3.9.2.U.K.
      • 13.3.9.3.France
      • 13.3.9.4.Italy
      • 13.3.9.5.Spain
      • 13.3.9.6.Rest of Europe
  • 13.4.South America
    • 13.4.1.Introduction
    • 13.4.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.4.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dosage
    • 13.4.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 13.4.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Flavor
    • 13.4.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Target Audience
    • 13.4.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 13.4.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 13.4.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.4.9.1.Brazil
      • 13.4.9.2.Argentina
      • 13.4.9.3.Rest of South America
  • 13.5.Asia-Pacific
    • 13.5.1.Introduction
    • 13.5.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.5.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dosage
    • 13.5.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 13.5.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Flavor
    • 13.5.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Target Audience
    • 13.5.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 13.5.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 13.5.9.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 13.5.9.1.China
      • 13.5.9.2.India
      • 13.5.9.3.Japan
      • 13.5.9.4.Australia
      • 13.5.9.5.Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 13.6.Middle East and Africa
    • 13.6.1.Introduction
    • 13.6.2.Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 13.6.3.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Dosage
    • 13.6.4.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Form
    • 13.6.5.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Flavor
    • 13.6.6.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Target Audience
    • 13.6.7.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Distribution Channel
    • 13.6.8.Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application

14.Competitive Landscape

  • 14.1.Competitive Scenario
  • 14.2.Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 14.3.Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

15.Company Profiles

  • 15.1.BASF
    • 15.1.1.Company Overview
    • 15.1.2.Product Portfolio and Description
    • 15.1.3.Financial Overview
    • 15.1.4.Key Developments
  • 15.2.Biotics Research Corporation
  • 15.3.Adaptogen Research
  • 15.4.Body of Harmony
  • 15.5.bodykind Ltd.
  • 15.6.Naka Pro
  • 15.7.Nutri-Link
  • 15.8.gnanaturals
  • 15.9.Nutra Biogenesis
  • 15.10.Designs for Health, Inc.

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

16.Appendix

  • 16.1.About Us and Services
  • 16.2.Contact Us