全球免疫蛋白診斷測試市場 - 2023-2030
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1345425

全球免疫蛋白診斷測試市場 - 2023-2030

Global Immunoprotein Diagnostic Testing Market - 2023-2030

出版日期: | 出版商: DataM Intelligence | 英文 195 Pages | 商品交期: 約2個工作天內

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簡介目錄

概述

全球免疫蛋白診斷測試市場將於 2022 年達到 94 億美元,預計到 2030 年將達到 158 億美元,2023-2030 年預測期間年複合成長率為 6.9%。

免疫蛋白診斷測試是檢測體內免疫蛋白水平以分析特定蛋白質(例如免疫球蛋白和前白蛋白)的診斷程序。隨著技術的不斷發展,免疫蛋白診斷檢測市場在全球範圍內蓬勃發展。這些創新技術縮短了產品的生命週期並擴大了市場邊界,創造了多個醫療領域的機會。

心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病和呼吸系統疾病等疾病是人口中大多數死亡病例的原因或促成因素。由於這些慢性病的增加,用於慢性病早期診斷的免疫蛋白檢測有所增加。這些提供快速的結果,有助於立即治療病情。

此外,技術進步、人口中慢性病患病率的增加以及對早期疾病診斷的認知不斷提高是未來一段時期推動市場的因素。

動力學

診斷測試不斷進步

免疫診斷檢測的進步使得診斷更加準確可靠,對於類風濕關節炎、乳糜瀉等疾病的治療來說更加準確和可靠。例如,據MDPI 期刊報導,2023 年,微流控技術與機器學習的結合有效實現了高以快速、靈敏、選擇性、準確和易於實施的方式對多種免疫生物標記進行通量檢測,可作為免疫生物標記的先進即時護理 (POC) 檢測平台,有效應用於早期診斷的疾病。

在另一份報告中,Teengam 等人。推出了一種基於智慧手機的攜帶式免疫感測裝置,用於檢測 HBV,臨床樣本中 HBsAg 的檢出限約為 0.17 µg/mL。隨著智慧手機的使用,這種低成本電化學免疫感測器不僅提供即時結果,而且具有高靈敏度和攜帶性

自身免疫性疾病的發病率增加

自身免疫性疾病影響大約十分之一的人。自身免疫性疾病包括 1 型糖尿病、類風濕性關節炎、系統性紅斑狼瘡和炎症性腸病。隨著時間的推移,他們的負擔繼續增加,儘管因個人情況而增加的速度有所不同。在幾種自身免疫性疾病中觀察到的社會經濟、季節和地區差異表明環境因素與疾病發病機制有關。

例如,據 BMJ 期刊報導,到 2023 年,自身免疫性疾病將影響全球約 10% 的人口,其中女性為 13%,男性為 7%。到 2040 年,預計將有 7840 萬 (25.9%) 18 歲或以上的美國成年人患有醫生診斷的關節炎 (BRFSS)。在過去的幾十年中,主要兒童慢性自身免疫性疾病的發病率迅速增加1。據估計,全球 1 型糖尿病的發病率每年增加 2.4%,在歐洲則增加 3-4%。

診斷測試成本高昂

隨著大流行後對早期疾病診斷的需求增加,診斷成本每天都在飆升。例如,根據線上科學電子圖書館的數據,三分之二的老年醫療保險受益人患有兩種或多種慢性病。它們佔醫療支出的 99%,但其原因是醫院併發症的風險更高,從而增加了費用。 2022年3月至6月期間,IFAT和ELISA試劑盒的價格由六家私人實驗室提供。消費者每個樣品的平均最終成本估計為 IFAT 為 30.69 美元,ELISA 為 4.88 美元。這些對於低收入和中等收入國家來說太高了,難以承受;因此,大多數人都會跳過早期診斷,等到終末期疾病時才接受治療,但為時已晚。

目錄

第 1 章:方法和範圍

  • 研究方法論
  • 報告的研究目的和範圍

第 2 章:定義和概述

第 3 章:執行摘要

  • 按產品類型分類
  • 按測試類型分類
  • 技術片段
  • 按應用程式片段
  • 最終用戶的片段
  • 按地區分類

第 4 章:動力學

  • 影響因素
    • 動力
      • 診斷測試不斷進步
    • 自身免疫性疾病的發病率增加
    • 限制
      • 診斷測試成本高昂
    • 機會
    • 影響分析

第 5 章:行業分析

  • 波特五力分析
  • 供應鏈分析
  • 定價分析
  • 監管分析
  • 俄烏戰爭影響分析
  • DMI 意見

第 6 章:COVID-19 分析

  • COVID-19 分析
    • 新冠疫情爆發前的情景
    • 新冠疫情期間的情景
    • 新冠疫情后的情景
  • COVID-19 期間的定價動態
  • 供需譜
  • 疫情期間政府與市場相關的舉措
  • 製造商戰略舉措
  • 結論

第 7 章:按產品類型

  • 儀器和套件
    • 放射免疫分析法
    • 免疫比濁法
    • 免疫蛋白電泳
    • 酶聯免疫吸附測定
    • 化學發光分析
    • 螢光分析
    • 比色測定
    • 其他
  • 試劑
  • 其他

第 8 章:按測試類型

  • 免疫球蛋白診斷測試
  • C 反應蛋白 (CRP) 診斷測試
  • 補體系統蛋白診斷測試
  • 免費輕鏈診斷測試
  • 觸珠蛋白診斷測試
  • 前白蛋白診斷測試
  • 其他

第 9 章:按應用

  • 自身免疫性疾病檢測
  • 傳染病檢測
  • 腫瘤學測試
  • 過敏測試
  • 毒理學測試
  • 其他

第 10 章:最終用戶

  • 醫院和診所
  • 診斷實驗室
  • 其他

第 11 章:按地區

  • 北美
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 法國
    • 義大利
    • 俄羅斯
    • 歐洲其他地區
  • 南美洲
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 南美洲其他地區
  • 亞太
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 澳大利亞
    • 亞太其他地區
  • 中東和非洲

第 12 章:競爭格局

  • 競爭場景
  • 市場定位/佔有率分析
  • 併購分析

第 13 章:公司簡介

  • Abbott Laboratories
    • 公司簡介
    • 產品類型組合和描述
    • 財務概覽
    • 主要進展
  • Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc
  • Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc
  • Danaher Corporation
  • F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
  • Enzo Biochem, Inc
  • Siemens AG
  • Ortho Clinical Diagnostics
  • Diasorin SPA
  • Abcam Plc

第 14 章:附錄

簡介目錄
Product Code: CD2306

Overview

Global Immunoprotein Diagnostic Testing Market reached US$ 9.4 billion in 2022 and is expected to reach US$ 15.8 billion by 2030 growing with a CAGR of 6.9% during the forecast period 2023-2030.

Immunoprotein diagnostic testing is a diagnostic procedure that detects the level of immunoproteins in the body to analyze specific proteins such as immunoglobulin and pre-albumin. With continuous technological development, the immunoprotein diagnostic testing market is booming globally. These innovative technologies shorten the life cycle of a product and expand the market's boundaries, creating several medical sector opportunities.

Conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and respiratory disease were causes or contributing factors for most of the mortality cases among the population. Due to the rise in these chronic diseases, immunoprotein testing has increased for early diagnosis of chronic diseases. These provide a rapid result, which aids in treating the condition in no time.

Furthermore, technological advancements, the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases among the population, and growing awareness about early disease diagnosis are the factors that drive the market in the forthcoming period.

Dynamics

Rising Advancements in Diagnostic Testing

Advancements in immunodiagnostic testing make the diagnosis more accurate and reliable for the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, etc. For instance, according to MDPI Journals, in 2023, the combination of microfluidic technology and machine learning effectively achieved the high-throughput detection of multiple immune biomarkers in a rapid, sensitive, selective, accurate, and easy-to-implement manner to be exploited as an advanced point-of-care (POC) detection platform for immune biomarkers effectively applicable for the early-stage diagnosis of diseases.

In another report, Teengam et al. introduced a smartphone-based portable immunosensing device for the detection of HBV, and the limit of detection was about 0.17 µg/mL of HBsAg in the clinical samples. With the use of smartphones, this low-cost electrochemical immunosensor not only provides real-time results with high sensitivity and portability

Increasing Incidence of Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases affect about one in ten individuals. Autoimmune diseases include type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel disease. Their burden continues to increase over time, albeit at varying rates across individual conditions. The socio-economic, seasonal, and regional disparities observed among several autoimmune disorders implicate environmental factors in disease pathogenesis.

For instance, according to BMJ journals, in 2023, autoimmune diseases affect around 10% of the global population, with 13% of women and 7% of men involved. By 2040, an estimated 78.4 million (25.9%) US adults aged 18 years or older are projected to have doctor-diagnosed arthritis (BRFSS). During the last decades, the incidence of the major pediatric chronic autoimmune diseases has increased rapidly1. Type 1 Diabetes has had an estimated annual increase of incidence of 2.4% per year worldwide and 3-4% in Europe.

High Costs of Diagnostic Tests

The cost of diagnosis is skyrocketing every day as the demand for early disease diagnosis has increased post-pandemic. For instance, according to Scientific Electronic Library Online states that two-thirds of older Medicare beneficiaries had two or more chronic conditions. They accounted for 99% of health expenditures, but the reason for this is a more heightened risk of hospital complications that increase the costs. Between March and June 2022, the prices of IFAT and ELISA kits were provided by six private laboratories. The average final cost per sample for consumers was estimated at US$ 30.69 for IFAT and US$ 4.88 for ELISA. These are too high for low and middle-income countries to afford; hence, most people skip early diagnosis and get treated for an end-stage disease when it's too late.

Segment Analysis

The global immunoprotein diagnostic testing is segmented based on product type, test type, application, end-user and region.

The Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Segment Accounted for Approximately 35.7% of the Market Share

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is expected to increase the market share as the accuracy has increased. A rise in product launches due to the demand for immunodiagnostic testing is observed. For instance, in July 2022 KSL Beutner Laboratories launched a first-to-market Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) serum blood test in the US that positively identifies laminin 332, an antigen associated with the chronic, debilitating autoimmune disease mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP).

Furthermore, in August 2023, Thermo Fisher Scientific launched the EXENT Solution. The EXENT solution is a fully integrated and automated mass spectrometry system designed to transform diagnosis and assessment for patients with monoclonal gammopathies, including multiple myeloma. EXENT-iQ, is an intelligent and intuitive workflow software, including data review.

Geographical Analysis

North America accounted for Approximately 39.3% of the Market Share in 2022

North America is dominating the global immunoprotein diagnostic testing market and accounting for the largest market share, owing to rising incidences of chronic diseases, and rising to high demand for diagnostic systems. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chronic diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the United States. About 133 million Americans, i.e., 45% of the population, have at least one chronic disease. Chronic diseases are responsible for seven out of every 10 deaths in the U.S., killing more than 1.7 million Americans every year.

By 2025, chronic diseases will affect an estimated 164 million Americans. People with chronic conditions are the most frequent users of health care in the U.S. Accurate and fast diagnosis of such chronic diseases is needed to help diminish the high mortality rate. Immunoprotein diagnostic devices and reagents have proven to be extremely efficacious in the rapid detection of chronic disorders. Medical practitioners in the US and Canada have continuously focused on developing new immunoprotein testing.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The global pandemic has changed narratives around human health, compelling the medical research industry to develop new medical technologies and drugs. This factor reflects the pandemic's positive impact on the growth of the global immunoprotein diagnostic market. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2019 created unprecedented challenges for industries worldwide, including the global immunoprotein diagnostic testing market, as countries grappled with lockdowns, supply chain disruptions, and reduced economic activity

Lower capital expenditure is ongoing as businesses slow on investments, held back by inflation concerns and weaker demand. With slower growth and heightened inflation, expanded markets appear to enter a recession. Fears of new COVID outbreaks and China's already uncertain post-pandemic path pose a real risk of the world experiencing more critical supply chain pain and manufacturing disruptions hindering the market.

By Product Type

  • Instruments and Kits
  • Radioimmunoassay
  • Immunoturbidity Assay
  • Immunoprotein Electrophoresis
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
  • Chemiluminescence Assay
  • Fluorescence Assay
  • Colorimetric Assay
  • Others
  • Reagents
  • Others

By Test Type

  • Immunoglobulin Diagnostic Tests
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Diagnostic Tests
  • Complement System Proteins Diagnostic Tests
  • Free Light Chain Diagnostic Tests
  • Haptoglobin Diagnostic Tests
  • Prealbumin Diagnostic Tests
  • Others

By Application

  • Autoimmune Disease Testing
  • Infectious Disease Testing
  • Oncology Testing
  • Allergy Testing
  • Toxicology Testing
  • Others

By End Users

  • Hospital and clinics
  • Diagnostic laboratories
  • Ambulatory Surgical Centers
  • Others

By Region

  • North America
    • U.S.
    • Canada
    • Mexico
  • Europe
    • Germany
    • U.K.
    • France
    • Spain
    • Italy
    • Rest of Europe
  • South America
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
    • Rest of South America
  • Asia-Pacific
    • China
    • India
    • Japan
    • Australia
    • Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

  • In July 2023, Anbio's AF-100S FIA Solution is a handheld point-of-care immunodiagnostic solution that provides rapid, accurate, and reliable results for a wide range of analytes. The Anbio AF-100S is set to transform the field of clinical diagnostics, empowering healthcare providers with a cost-effective and comprehensive solution that provides rapid, accurate, and reliable results for a wide range of analytes to provide faster diagnosis and better prognosis to patients
  • In May 2022, Omega Quant launched an HbA1c Test with a sample collection kit that allows for testing at home. This simple, safe, convenient test measures the amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood.
  • American Society of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene is conducting its 2023 annual meeting in Chicago, USA from October 18-22 where research Meets real-world experience. The meeting draws tropical medicine and global health professionals representing academia, foundations, government, not-for-profit organizations, non-governmental organizations, the private sector, the military, and private practice.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the immunoprotein diagnostic testing market include: Abbott Laboratories, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc, Danaher Corporation, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag, Enzo Biochem, Inc, Siemens AG, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics, Diasorin S.P.A, and Abcam Plc among others.

Why Purchase the Report?

  • To visualize the global immunoprotein diagnostic testing market based on product type, test type, application, end-user and region, as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
  • Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
  • Excel data sheet with numerous data points of immunoprotein diagnostic testing market-level with all segments.
  • PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
  • Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global immunoprotein diagnostic testing market report would provide approximately 53 tables, 54 figures, and 195 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

  • Manufacturers/ Buyers
  • Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
  • Research Professionals
  • Emerging Companies

Table of Contents

1. Methodology and Scope

  • 1.1. Research Methodology
  • 1.2. Research Objective and Scope of the Report

2. Definition and Overview

3. Executive Summary

  • 3.1. Snippet by Product Type
  • 3.2. Snippet by Test Type
  • 3.3. Snippet by Technology
  • 3.4. Snippet by Application
  • 3.5. Snippet by End User
  • 3.6. Snippet by Region

4. Dynamics

  • 4.1. Impacting Factors
    • 4.1.1. Drivers
      • 4.1.1.1. Rising Advancements in Diagnostic Testing
    • 4.1.2. Increasing Incidence of Autoimmune Diseases
    • 4.1.3. Restraints
      • 4.1.3.1. High Costs of Diagnostic Tests
    • 4.1.4. Opportunity
    • 4.1.5. Impact Analysis

5. Industry Analysis

  • 5.1. Porter's Five Force Analysis
  • 5.2. Supply Chain Analysis
  • 5.3. Pricing Analysis
  • 5.4. Regulatory Analysis
  • 5.5. Russia-Ukraine War Impact Analysis
  • 5.6. DMI Opinion

6. COVID-19 Analysis

  • 6.1. Analysis of COVID-19
    • 6.1.1. Scenario Before COVID
    • 6.1.2. Scenario During COVID
    • 6.1.3. Scenario Post COVID
  • 6.2. Pricing Dynamics Amid COVID-19
  • 6.3. Demand-Supply Spectrum
  • 6.4. Government Initiatives Related to the Market During Pandemic
  • 6.5. Manufacturers Strategic Initiatives
  • 6.6. Conclusion

7. By Product Type

  • 7.1. Introduction
    • 7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
    • 7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Product Type
  • 7.2. Instruments and Kits
    • 7.2.1. Radioimmunoassay
    • 7.2.2. Immunoturbidity Assay
    • 7.2.3. Immunoprotein Electrophoresis
    • 7.2.4. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    • 7.2.5. Chemiluminescence Assay
    • 7.2.6. Fluorescence Assay
    • 7.2.7. Colorimetric Assay
    • 7.2.8. Others
  • 7.3. Reagents
  • 7.4. Others

8. By Test Type

  • 8.1. Introduction
    • 8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Test Type
    • 8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Test Type
  • 8.2. Immunoglobulin Diagnostic Tests
  • 8.3. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) Diagnostic Test
  • 8.4. Complement System Proteins Diagnostic Test
  • 8.5. Free Light Chain Diagnostic Tests
  • 8.6. Haptoglobin Diagnostic Tests
  • 8.7. Prealbumin Diagnostic Tests
  • 8.8. Others

9. By Application

  • 9.1. Introduction
    • 9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By
    • 9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
  • 9.2. Autoimmune Disease Testing
  • 9.3. Infectious Disease Testing
  • 9.4. Oncology Testing
  • 9.5. Allergy Testing
  • 9.6. Toxicology Testing
  • 9.7. Others

10. By End User

  • 10.1. Introduction
    • 10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User
    • 10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End User
  • 10.2. Hospitals and Clinics
    • 10.2.1. Introduction
    • 10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
  • 10.3. Diagnostic laboratories
  • 10.4. Others

11. By Region

  • 11.1. Introduction
    • 11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
    • 11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
  • 11.2. North America
    • 11.2.1. Introduction
    • 11.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
    • 11.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Test Type
    • 11.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 11.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User
    • 11.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.2.8.1. U.S.
      • 11.2.8.2. Canada
      • 11.2.8.3. Mexico
  • 11.3. Europe
    • 11.3.1. Introduction
    • 11.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
    • 11.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Test Type
    • 11.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 11.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User
    • 11.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.3.8.1. Germany
      • 11.3.8.2. UK
      • 11.3.8.3. France
      • 11.3.8.4. Italy
      • 11.3.8.5. Russia
      • 11.3.8.6. Rest of Europe
  • 11.4. South America
    • 11.4.1. Introduction
    • 11.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
    • 11.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Test Type
    • 11.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 11.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User
    • 11.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.4.8.1. Brazil
      • 11.4.8.2. Argentina
      • 11.4.8.3. Rest of South America
  • 11.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 11.5.1. Introduction
    • 11.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
    • 11.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Test Type
    • 11.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 11.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User
    • 11.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
      • 11.5.8.1. China
      • 11.5.8.2. India
      • 11.5.8.3. Japan
      • 11.5.8.4. Australia
      • 11.5.8.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
  • 11.6. Middle East and Africa
    • 11.6.1. Introduction
    • 11.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
    • 11.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
    • 11.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Test Type
    • 11.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Technology
    • 11.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
    • 11.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End User

12. Competitive Landscape

  • 12.1. Competitive Scenario
  • 12.2. Market Positioning/Share Analysis
  • 12.3. Mergers and Acquisitions Analysis

13. Company Profiles

  • 13.1. Abbott Laboratories
    • 13.1.1. Company Overview
    • 13.1.2. Product Type Portfolio and Description
    • 13.1.3. Financial Overview
    • 13.1.4. Key Developments
  • 13.2. Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc
  • 13.3. Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc
  • 13.4. Danaher Corporation
  • 13.5. F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag
  • 13.6. Enzo Biochem, Inc
  • 13.7. Siemens AG
  • 13.8. Ortho Clinical Diagnostics
  • 13.9. Diasorin S.P.A
  • 13.10. Abcam Plc

LIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE

14. Appendix

  • 14.1. About Us and Services
  • 14.2. Contact Us