高嶺土的全球市場:產業趨勢與預測(到2029年)
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1145374

高嶺土的全球市場:產業趨勢與預測(到2029年)

Global Kaolin Market - Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029

出版日期: | 出版商: Data Bridge Market Research | 英文 237 Pages | 商品交期: 請詢問到貨日

價格

全球高嶺土的市場規模,預計從2022年到2029年的預測期間內以4.8%的年複合成長率擴大。牽引市場的主要原因,是來自各種最終用途產業對高嶺土需求增加,及全球各地的建設活動的活躍等。

本報告提供全球高嶺土市場相關調查,市場概要,市場的推動因素與阻礙因素的分析,市場機會,各市場區隔的市場分析,競爭情形,主要企業的簡介等最新資訊。

目錄

第1章 簡介

第2章 市場區隔

第3章 摘要整理

第4章 重要考察

  • 大環境分析
    • 政治要素
    • 經濟要素
    • 社會要素
    • 技術性要素
    • 法律上的要素
    • 環境要素
  • 波特的五力分析
    • 新加入業者的威脅
    • 替代品的威脅
    • 買方議價能力
    • 供給企業談判力
    • 競爭企業間的敵對關係
  • 為了商務上的決策的重要選擇標準
  • 進出口情境
  • 製造工程
  • 市場變化/目前事件
  • 生產能力:各製造廠商
  • 供應鏈分析
    • 概要
    • 物流成本情境
    • 物流服務供應商的重要性
  • 技術概要
  • 供應商的選擇標準
  • 價格分析情境
    • 原料價格分析
    • 目前價格統計
    • 價格預測
  • 生產消費分析
  • 法規的適用範圍
  • 製造成本情境與對未來的影響

第5章 市場概要

  • 促進因素
    • 全球的建設活動增加
    • 高嶺土的有利的化學、物理特性
    • 來自各種最終用途產業對高嶺土的需求增加
    • 塗料添加劑的高嶺土的高的採用
  • 阻礙因素
    • COVID-19對造紙產業的不良影響
    • 高嶺土的開採帶來的環境和很多健康的危險
  • 機會
    • 主要企業實施的主要策略性舉措
    • 高嶺土的開採工作的技術改善
  • 課題
    • 取得容易的替代品
    • 高嶺土的價格上升

第6章 全球高嶺土市場:各等級

  • 概要
  • 鍛燒
  • 含水
  • 剝離
  • 表面處理
  • 結構化

第7章 全球高嶺土市場:各流程

  • 概要
  • 水洗
  • 氣浮
  • 鍛燒
  • 剝離
  • 表面改性、未處理

第8章 全球高嶺土市場:各用途

  • 概要
  • 陶瓷
  • 塗料和塗料
  • 玻璃纖維
  • 塑膠
  • 橡膠
  • 醫藥品和醫療
  • 化妝品
  • 其他

第9章 全球高嶺土市場:各地區

  • 概要
  • 亞太地區
    • 中國
    • 印度
    • 日本
    • 韓國
    • 泰國
    • 新加坡
    • 印尼
    • 澳洲和紐西蘭
    • 菲律賓
    • 馬來西亞
    • 其他的亞太地區
  • 歐洲
    • 德國
    • 英國
    • 法國
    • 義大利
    • 西班牙
    • 俄羅斯
    • 瑞士
    • 土耳其
    • 比利時
    • 荷蘭
    • 其他的歐洲
  • 北美
    • 美國
    • 加拿大
    • 墨西哥
  • 中東、非洲
    • 沙烏地阿拉伯
    • 阿拉伯聯合大公國
    • 南非
    • 埃及
    • 以色列
    • 其他的中東、非洲
  • 南美
    • 巴西
    • 阿根廷
    • 其他的南美

第10章 全球高嶺土市場:企業形勢

  • 企業佔有率分析:世界
  • 企業佔有率分析:北美
  • 企業佔有率分析:歐洲
  • 企業佔有率分析:亞太地區
  • 投資回收
  • 漲價
  • 收購
  • 設施擴張

第11章 SWOT分析

第12章 企業簡介

  • IMERYS S.A.
  • SIBELCO
  • BASF SE
  • KAMIN LLC./CADAM
  • THIELE KAOLIN COMPANY
  • ASHAPURA GROUP
  • EICL
  • I-MINERALSINC.
  • LB MINERALS, LTD.
  • QUARTZ WORKS GMBH

第13章 問卷調查

第14章 相關報告

Global kaolin market is projected to register a 4.8% CAGR in the forecast period of 2021 to 2029. The new market report contains data for the historic years 2020, the base year of calculation is 2021, and the forecast period is 2022 to 2029.

Market Segmentation:

Global Kaolin Market, By Grade (Calcined, Hydrous, Delaminated, Surface Treated, and Structured), Process (Water-Washed, Airfloat, Calcined, Delaminated, and Surface-Modified & Unprocessed), Application (Paper, Ceramics, Paint & Coatings, Fiberglass, Plastic, Rubber, Pharmaceuticals & Medical, Cosmetics, and Others), Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico, Germany, U.K., Italy, France, Spain, Russia, Switzerland, Turkey, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and the Rest of Europe, Japan, China, South Korea, India, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, and the Rest of Asia-Pacific, Brazil, Argentina, and the Rest of South America, South Africa, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Israel, and the Rest of the Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2029.

Some of the major factors contributing to the growth of the global kaolin market:

Increasing demand for kaolin from various end-use industries

Rising construction activities across the globe

Market Players:

The key players operating in the global kaolin market are:

BASF SE

LB MINERALS, Ltd.

Thiele Kaolin Company

Quartz Works GmbH

KaMin LLC. / CADAM

Ashapura Group

Imerys S.A.

SIBELCO

I-MineralsInc.

EICL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 21

  • 1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 21
  • 1.2 MARKET DEFINITION 21
  • 1.3 OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET 21
  • 1.4 LIMITATIONS 22
  • 1.5 MARKETS COVERED 22

2 MARKET SEGMENTATION 25

  • 2.1 MARKETS COVERED 25
  • 2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE 26
  • 2.3 YEARS CONSIDERED FOR THE STUDY 27
  • 2.4 CURRENCY AND PRICING 27
  • 2.5 DBMR TRIPOD DATA VALIDATION MODEL 28
  • 2.6 PRODUCT LIFE LINE CURVE 31
  • 2.7 MULTIVARIATE MODELING 32
  • 2.8 PRIMARY INTERVIEWS WITH KEY OPINION LEADERS 33
  • 2.9 DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID 34
  • 2.10 MARKET APPLICATION COVERAGE GRID 35
  • 2.11 DBMR MARKET CHALLENGE MATRIX 36
  • 2.12 DBMR VENDOR SHARE ANALYSIS 37
  • 2.13 IMPORT-EXPORT DATA 38
  • 2.14 SECONDARY SOURCES 39
  • 2.15 ASSUMPTIONS 40

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 41

4 PREMIUM INSIGHTS 44

  • 4.1 PESTLE ANALYSIS 46
    • 4.1.1 POLITICAL FACTORS 46
    • 4.1.2 ECONOMIC FACTORS 46
    • 4.1.3 SOCIAL FACTORS 47
    • 4.1.4 TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS 47
    • 4.1.5 LEGAL FACTORS 47
    • 4.1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 47
  • 4.2 PORTER'S FIVE FORCES: 48
    • 4.2.1 THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS: 48
    • 4.2.2 THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES: 49
    • 4.2.3 CUSTOMER BARGAINING POWER: 49
    • 4.2.4 SUPPLIER BARGAINING POWER: 49
    • 4.2.5 INTERNAL COMPETITION (RIVALRY): 49
  • 4.3 CRITICAL SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BUSINESS DECISION 50
  • 4.4 IMPORT EXPORT SCENARIO 51
  • 4.5 MANUFACTURING PROCESS: GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET 52
  • 4.6 MARKET CHANGES / CURRENT EVENTS 54
  • 4.7 PRODUCTION CAPACITY BY MANUFACTURERS: GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET 55
  • 4.8 SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS- GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET 56
    • 4.8.1 OVERVIEW 56
    • 4.8.2 LOGISTIC COST SCENARIO 56
    • 4.8.3 IMPORTANCE OF LOGISTICS SERVICE PROVIDERS 57
  • 4.9 TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW 58
  • 4.10 VENDOR SELECTION CRITERIA 59
  • 4.11 PRICE ANALYSIS SCENARIO 60
    • 4.11.1 RAW MATERIALS PRICE ANALYSIS 60
    • 4.11.2 CURRENT PRICE STATISTICS 60
    • 4.11.3 PRICE FORECASTS 61
  • 4.12 PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS 62
  • 4.13 REGULATION COVERAGE 64
  • 4.14 MANUFACTURING COST SCENARIO AND FUTURE IMPACT 65

5 MARKET OVERVIEW 67

  • 5.1 DRIVERS 69
    • 5.1.1 RISE IN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE 69
    • 5.1.2 FAVOURABLE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF KAOLIN 69
    • 5.1.3 INCREASE IN DEMAND FOR KAOLIN FROM VARIOUS END-USE INDUSTRIES 70
    • 5.1.4 HIGH ADOPTION OF KAOLIN AS A COATING ADDITIVE 71
  • 5.2 RESTRAINTS 72
    • 5.2.1 NEGATIVE EFFECT ON PAPER INDUSTRY DUE TO EMERGENCE OF COVID-19 72
    • 5.2.2 KAOLIN MINING CAUSES NUMEROUS ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH HAZARDS 72
  • 5.3 OPPORTUNITIES 73
    • 5.3.1 KEY STRATEGIC INITIATIVES IMPLEMENTED BY LEADING COMPANIES 73
    • 5.3.2 IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES IN MINING PRACTICES OF KAOLIN 73
  • 5.4 CHALLENGES 74
    • 5.4.1 EASY AVAILABILITY OF SUBSTITUTES 74
    • 5.4.2 RISE IN THE PRICE OF KAOLIN 75

6 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET, BY GRADE 76

  • 6.1 OVERVIEW 77
  • 6.2 CALCINED 79
  • 6.3 HYDROUS 80
  • 6.4 DELAMINATED 81
  • 6.5 SURFACE TREATED 82
  • 6.6 STRUCTURED 83

7 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET, BY PROCESS 84

  • 7.1 OVERVIEW 85
  • 7.2 WATER-WASHED 87
  • 7.3 AIRFLOAT 88
  • 7.4 CALCINED 89
  • 7.5 DELAMINATED 90
  • 7.6 SURFACE-MODIFIED & UNPROCESSED 91

8 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET, BY APPLICATION 92

  • 8.1 OVERVIEW 93
  • 8.2 PAPER 95
  • 8.3 CERAMICS 96
  • 8.4 PAINT & COATINGS 97
  • 8.5 FIBERGLASS 98
  • 8.6 PLASTIC 99
  • 8.7 RUBBER 100
  • 8.8 PHARMACEUTICALS & MEDICAL 101
  • 8.9 COSMETICS 102
  • 8.10 OTHERS 103

9 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET, BY REGION 104

  • 9.1 OVERVIEW 105
  • 9.2 ASIA-PACIFIC 110
    • 9.2.1 CHINA 117
    • 9.2.2 INDIA 119
    • 9.2.3 JAPAN 121
    • 9.2.4 SOUTH KOREA 123
    • 9.2.5 THAILAND 125
    • 9.2.6 SINGAPORE 127
    • 9.2.7 INDONESIA 129
    • 9.2.8 AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND 131
    • 9.2.9 PHILIPPINES 133
    • 9.2.10 MALAYSIA 135
    • 9.2.11 REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC 137
  • 9.3 EUROPE 138
    • 9.3.1 GERMANY 145
    • 9.3.2 U.K. 147
    • 9.3.3 FRANCE 149
    • 9.3.4 ITALY 151
    • 9.3.5 SPAIN 153
    • 9.3.6 RUSSIA 155
    • 9.3.7 SWITZERLAND 157
    • 9.3.8 TURKEY 159
    • 9.3.9 BELGIUM 161
    • 9.3.10 NETHERLANDS 163
    • 9.3.11 REST OF EUROPE 165
  • 9.4 NORTH AMERICA 166
    • 9.4.1 U.S. 173
    • 9.4.2 CANADA 175
    • 9.4.3 MEXICO 177
  • 9.5 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 179
    • 9.5.1 SAUDI ARABIA 186
    • 9.5.2 U.A.E. 188
    • 9.5.3 SOUTH AFRICA 190
    • 9.5.4 EGYPT 192
    • 9.5.5 ISRAEL 194
    • 9.5.6 REST OF MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA 196
  • 9.6 SOUTH AMERICA 197
    • 9.6.1 BRAZIL 204
    • 9.6.2 ARGENTINA 206
    • 9.6.3 REST OF SOUTH AMERICA 208

10 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: COMPANY LANDSCAPE 209

  • 10.1 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: GLOBAL 209
  • 10.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: NORTH AMERICA 210
  • 10.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: EUROPE 211
  • 10.4 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS: ASIA-PACIFIC 212
  • 10.5 DISINVESTMENT 213
  • 10.6 PRICE INCREASE 213
  • 10.7 ACQUISITION 213
  • 10.8 FACILITY EXPANSION 214

11 SWOT ANALYSIS 215

12 COMPANY PROFILES 216

  • 12.1 IMERYS S.A. 216
    • 12.1.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 216
    • 12.1.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 216
    • 12.1.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 217
    • 12.1.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 217
    • 12.1.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 217
  • 12.2 SIBELCO 218
    • 12.2.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 218
    • 12.2.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 218
    • 12.2.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 219
    • 12.2.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 219
    • 12.2.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 219
  • 12.3 BASF SE 220
    • 12.3.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 220
    • 12.3.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 220
    • 12.3.3 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 221
    • 12.3.4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 221
    • 12.3.5 RECENT DEVELOPMENT 221
  • 12.4 KAMIN LLC. / CADAM 222
    • 12.4.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 222
    • 12.4.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 222
    • 12.4.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 223
    • 12.4.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 223
  • 12.5 THIELE KAOLIN COMPANY 224
    • 12.5.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 224
    • 12.5.2 COMPANY SHARE ANALYSIS 224
    • 12.5.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 225
    • 12.5.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 225
  • 12.6 ASHAPURA GROUP 226
    • 12.6.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 226
    • 12.6.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 226
    • 12.6.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 227
    • 12.6.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 227
  • 12.7 EICL 228
    • 12.7.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 228
    • 12.7.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 228
    • 12.7.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 229
    • 12.7.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 229
  • 12.8 I-MINERALSINC. 230
    • 12.8.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 230
    • 12.8.2 REVENUE ANALYSIS 230
    • 12.8.3 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 231
    • 12.8.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 231
  • 12.9 LB MINERALS, LTD. 232
    • 12.9.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 232
    • 12.9.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 232
    • 12.9.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 232
  • 12.10 QUARTZ WORKS GMBH 233
    • 12.10.1 COMPANY SNAPSHOT 233
    • 12.10.2 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 233
    • 12.10.3 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 233

13 QUESTIONNAIRE 234

14 RELATED REPORTS 237

LIST OF FIGURES

  • FIGURE 1 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET 25
  • FIGURE 2 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: DATA TRIANGULATION 28
  • FIGURE 3 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: DROC ANALYSIS 29
  • FIGURE 4 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: GLOBAL VS REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS 30
  • FIGURE 5 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: COMPANY RESEARCH ANALYSIS 30
  • FIGURE 6 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: THE PRODUCT LIFE LINE CURVE 31
  • FIGURE 7 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: MULTIVARIATE MODELLING 32
  • FIGURE 8 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: INTERVIEW DEMOGRAPHICS 33
  • FIGURE 9 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: DBMR MARKET POSITION GRID 34
  • FIGURE 10 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: MARKET APPLICATION COVERAGE GRID 35
  • FIGURE 11 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: THE MARKET CHALLENGE MATRIX 36
  • FIGURE 12 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: VENDOR SHARE ANALYSIS 37
  • FIGURE 13 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: SEGMENTATION 42
  • FIGURE 14 ASIA PACIFIC IS EXPECTED TO DOMINATE THE GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET, WHILE NORTH AMERICA IS EXPECTED TO GROW WITH THE HIGHEST CAGR IN THE FORECAST PERIOD 43
  • FIGURE 15 RISE IN CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE GLOBE IS EXPECTED TO DRIVE THE GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET IN THE FORECAST PERIOD 44
  • FIGURE 16 CALCINED SEGMENT IS EXPECTED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE LARGEST SHARE OF THE GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET IN 2022 & 2029 44
  • FIGURE 17 ASIA-PACIFIC IS THE FASTEST-GROWING MARKET FOR KAOLIN MARKET MANUFACTURERS IN THE FORECAST PERIOD 45
  • FIGURE 18 IMPORT-EXPORT SCENARIO (USD THOUSAND) 51
  • FIGURE 19 CURRENT PRICE STATISTICS (PER KG) 60
  • FIGURE 20 PRICE FORECASTS (PER KG) 61
  • FIGURE 21 PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION ANALYSIS 62
  • FIGURE 22 DRIVERS, RESTRAINTS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET 68
  • FIGURE 23 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE, 2021 77
  • FIGURE 24 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY PROCESS, 2021 85
  • FIGURE 25 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY APPLICATION, 2021 93
  • FIGURE 26 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021) 106
  • FIGURE 27 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY REGION (2021) 107
  • FIGURE 28 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY REGION (2022 & 2029) 107
  • FIGURE 29 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY REGION (2021 & 2029) 108
  • FIGURE 30 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE (2022-2029) 108
  • FIGURE 31 ASIA-PACIFIC KAOLIN MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021) 111
  • FIGURE 32 ASIA-PACIFIC KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021) 112
  • FIGURE 33 ASIA-PACIFIC KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029) 112
  • FIGURE 34 ASIA-PACIFIC KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029) 113
  • FIGURE 35 ASIA-PACIFIC KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE (2022-2029) 113
  • FIGURE 36 EUROPE KAOLIN MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021) 139
  • FIGURE 37 EUROPE KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021) 140
  • FIGURE 38 EUROPE KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029) 140
  • FIGURE 39 EUROPE KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029) 141
  • FIGURE 40 EUROPE KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE (2022-2029) 141
  • FIGURE 41 NORTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021) 167
  • FIGURE 42 NORTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021) 168
  • FIGURE 43 NORTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029) 168
  • FIGURE 44 NORTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029) 169
  • FIGURE 45 NORTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE (2022-2029) 169
  • FIGURE 46 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA KAOLIN MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021) 180
  • FIGURE 47 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021) 181
  • FIGURE 48 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029) 181
  • FIGURE 49 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029) 182
  • FIGURE 50 MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE (2022 & 2029) 182
  • FIGURE 51 SOUTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: SNAPSHOT (2021) 198
  • FIGURE 52 SOUTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021) 199
  • FIGURE 53 SOUTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2022 & 2029) 199
  • FIGURE 54 SOUTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY COUNTRY (2021 & 2029) 200
  • FIGURE 55 SOUTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: BY GRADE (2022-2029) 200
  • FIGURE 56 GLOBAL KAOLIN MARKET: COMPANY SHARE 2021 (%) 209
  • FIGURE 57 NORTH AMERICA KAOLIN MARKET: COMPANY SHARE 2021 (%) 210
  • FIGURE 58 EUROPE KAOLIN MARKET: COMPANY SHARE 2021 (%) 211
  • FIGURE 59 ASIA-PACIFIC KAOLIN MARKET: COMPANY SHARE 2021 (%) 212