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M2M/IoT通訊的全球市場 - 第10版
市場調查報告書
商品編碼
1777933

M2M/IoT通訊的全球市場 - 第10版

The Global M2M/IoT Communications Market - 10th Edition
出版日期: | 出版商: Berg Insight | 英文 240 Pages | 商品交期: 最快1-2個工作天內

價格

預計到 2024 年，全球蜂窩物聯網用戶數量將成長 14%，到年底將達到 38 億。到 2029 年，預計蜂窩物聯網用戶數量將繼續以 11.0% 的複合年增長率成長，到年底將達到 64 億。

本報告提供全球 M2M/IoT 通訊市場的研究和分析，包括 5G 和 LPWA 標準採用的最新資訊、主要行動營運商策略和物聯網業務 KPI 的評估、各地區行業趨勢以及蜂窩物聯網用戶統計數據。

目錄

圖表的清單

摘要整理

第1章 IoT廣域網

  • 3GPP蜂巢式技術家庭
    • 3GPP Release 13 - LTE-M 與 NB-IoT 簡介
    • 3GPP Release 14 - 物聯網增強功能與 C-V2X
    • 3GPP Release 15 - 5G 規範第一階段
    • 3GPP Release 16 - URLLC 增強功能、IIoT 功能和 5G NR C-V2X
    • 3GPP Release 17 - RedCap 與非地面網路通信
    • 3GPP Release 18 - 首個 5G-Advanced 規範
    • 網路覆蓋範圍
    • 2G/3G 行動網絡
    • 4G 行動網絡
    • 4G/5G 行動物聯網網路 (LTE-M 和 NB-IoT)
    • 5G 行動網絡
  • LPWA和衛星技術
    • LoRa
    • Sigfox
    • 衛星網路
  • 物聯網連線管理平台與 eSIM 解決方案
    • 物聯網連線管理平台
    • SIM/eSIM 解決方案
  • 國際覆蓋與聯盟
    • 漫遊與國際覆蓋
    • 行動電信商聯盟

第2章 歐洲

  • 地區的市場趨勢
    • 西歐
    • 中歐·東歐
  • 行動通訊業者
    • A1 Telekom Austria
    • Altice Group
    • Bouygues Telecom
    • BT Group
    • CK Hutchison Group Telecom
    • Deutsche Telekom
    • KPN
    • OV (Manx Telecom)
    • MegaFon
    • MTS
    • Orange
    • POST Luxembourg
    • Proximus
    • Tele2
    • Telecom Italia
    • Telefonica
    • Telenor
    • Telia Company
    • Vodafone
  • IoT管理服務供應商
    • 1GLOBAL
    • 1NCE
    • 1oT
    • Airnity
    • BICS
    • Com4 (Wireless Logic)
    • Cubic
    • CSL Group
    • emnify
    • Eseye
    • floLIVE
    • Freeeway
    • Giesecke+Devrient
    • iBASIS
    • Onomondo
    • Pelion
    • Velos IoT
    • Wireless Logic
  • LPWA網路
    • LoRa網路
    • 與Sigfox網路合作夥伴

第3章 南北美洲

  • 地區的市場趨勢
    • 美國·加拿大
    • 巴西
    • 其他的南美
  • 行動通訊業者
    • AT&T
    • Bell
    • Verizon
    • T-Mobile USA
    • Rogers Communications
    • TELUS
    • America Movil
    • Vivo and Telefonica Hispam
    • 其他的南美的行動通訊業者
  • IoT管理服務供應商
    • Aeris
    • Hologram
    • KORE Wireless
    • Monogoto
    • Semtech
    • Teal
    • Telit Cinterion
  • LPWA網路
    • LoRa網路
    • Sigfox 及其網路合作夥伴

第4章 亞太地區

  • 地區的市場趨勢
    • 中國
    • 日本和韓國
    • 澳洲·紐西蘭
    • 印度
    • 東南亞
  • 行動通訊業者
    • China Mobile
    • China Unicom
    • China Telecom
    • KDDI
    • KT
    • NTT
    • Singtel
    • SK Telecom
    • SoftBank
    • Telstra
    • Vodafone Idea
  • IoT管理服務供應商
    • Lenovo Connect
    • Plintron
    • Quectel
    • Soracom
    • Tata Communications
  • LPWA網路
    • LoRa網路
    • Sigfox網路

第5章 中東·非洲

  • 地區的市場趨勢
    • 中東
    • 非洲
  • 行動通訊業者
    • e&
    • MTN
    • Ooredoo
    • Turkcell
    • Vodacom
    • Zain
  • IoT管理服務供應商
    • Flickswitch
  • LPWA網路
    • LoRa網路
    • Sigfox網路

第6章 衛星IoT通訊

  • 衛星IoT網路的簡介
  • 市場分析
  • 衛星IoT經營者的市場佔有率
  • 歐洲的衛星經營者
    • Astrocast
    • Eutelsat Group
    • Kineis
    • Lacuna Space
    • OQ Technology
    • Sateliot
    • SES
    • 附加的衛星連接性供應商
  • 北美的衛星經營者
    • Globalstar
    • Iridium
    • Ligado Networks
    • Lynk
    • Orbcomm
    • Skylo
    • Starlink (SpaceX)
    • Viasat (Inmarsat)
    • 附加衛星連接性供應商
  • 中國的衛星經營者
    • CASC and CASIC
    • Commsat
    • Galaxy Space
    • Head Aerospace
    • 附加的衛星連接性供應商
  • 其他地區的衛星經營者
    • Innova Space
    • Myriota
    • Plan-S
    • Thuraya
    • 附加的衛星連接性供應商

第7章 市場預測和趨勢

  • 產業趨勢
    • 十大行動電信商管理33億蜂窩物聯網用戶
    • 物聯網收入成長持續低於連線數成長速度
    • 物聯網託管服務供應商連接超過2億台蜂窩設備
    • 國際連結領域正在不斷發展
    • 新進者擾亂通路
    • eSIM卡和CMP碎片化推動了對業務流程編排功能的需求
    • 物聯網MVNO推動物聯網連結市場整合
    • 行動電信商與衛星物聯網公司合作擴大覆蓋範圍
    • 私有蜂窩網路從利基市場發展成為主要市場
  • 地理市場
    • 全球市場的摘要
    • 歐洲
    • 北美
    • 南美
    • 亞太地區
    • 中東·非洲
  • 垂直市場
    • 連網汽車普及率
    • 連網汽車數據消耗將大幅成長
    • 機動機車遠端資訊處理應用加速
    • 遠端資訊處理領導者在車隊管理產業中佔據主導地位
    • 打造更智慧、更安全城市的機遇
    • 智慧電錶將成為2020年的關鍵參與者，重點在於下一代部署的全新LPWA選項
    • 資產追蹤推動第二波LPWA部署浪潮
    • 連網醫療保健普及大眾
    • 蜂窩連線在POS終端市場保持穩定
    • 家庭能源和電動車充電解決方案成為新的市場細分
  • 技術趨勢
    • 蜂窩技術佔據主導地位無線物聯網
    • NB-IoT 的採用率逐一計畫成長
    • RedCap 加速 5G 在物聯網領域的應用
    • 分散式核心網路協助全球物聯網連接服務
    • SGP.32 規格降低了物聯網中 eSIM 的採用門檻
  • 縮寫和簡稱的清單

Berg Insight estimates that the global number of cellular IoT subscribers increased by 14 percent during 2024 to reach 3.8 billion at the end of the year. Until 2029, the number of cellular IoT subscribers is forecasted to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.0 percent to reach 6.4 billion at the end of the period. This report covers in-depth the mobile operator perspective on the global M2M/IoT communications market. Get up to date with the latest trends from all main regions and vertical markets with this unique 240-page report.

Highlights from the report:

  • 360-degree overview of the cellular IoT communications ecosystem.
  • Update on the adoption of 5G and LPWA standards for IoT networking.
  • Reviews of the IoT strategies of the leading mobile operators.
  • Summary of industry trends in all world regions.
  • IoT business KPIs for leading global mobile operators.
  • Statistical data on cellular IoT subscribers in all world regions.
  • Extensive global and regional market forecasts lasting until 2029.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Figures

Executive Summary

1. Wide Area Networks for the Internet of Things

  • 1.1. 3GPP family of cellular technologies
    • 1.1.1. 3GPP Release 13 - Introducing LTE-M and NB-IoT
    • 1.1.2. 3GPP Release 14 - IoT enhancements and C-V2X
    • 1.1.3. 3GPP Release 15 - The first phase of 5G specifications
    • 1.1.4. 3GPP Release 16 - URLLC enhancements, IIoT features and 5G NR C-V2X
    • 1.1.5. 3GPP Release 17 - RedCap and non-terrestrial network communications
    • 1.1.6. 3GPP Release 18 - The first 5G-Advanced specifications
    • 1.1.7. Network footprint
    • 1.1.8. 2G/3G mobile networks
    • 1.1.9. 4G mobile networks
    • 1.1.10. 4G/5G mobile IoT networks (LTE-M and NB-IoT)
    • 1.1.11. 5G mobile networks
  • 1.2. LPWA and satellite technologies
    • 1.2.1. LoRa
    • 1.2.2. Sigfox
    • 1.2.3. Satellite networks
  • 1.3. IoT connectivity management platforms and eSIM solutions
    • 1.3.1. IoT connectivity management platforms
    • 1.3.2. SIM and eSIM solutions
  • 1.4. International coverage and alliances
    • 1.4.1. Roaming and international coverage
    • 1.4.2. Mobile operator alliances

2. Europe

  • 2.1. Regional market trends
    • 2.1.1. Western Europe
    • 2.1.2. Central and Eastern Europe
  • 2.2. Mobile operators
    • 2.2.1. A1 Telekom Austria
    • 2.2.2. Altice Group
    • 2.2.3. Bouygues Telecom
    • 2.2.4. BT Group
    • 2.2.5. CK Hutchison Group Telecom
    • 2.2.6. Deutsche Telekom
    • 2.2.7. KPN
    • 2.2.8. OV (Manx Telecom)
    • 2.2.9. MegaFon
    • 2.2.10. MTS
    • 2.2.11. Orange
    • 2.2.12. POST Luxembourg
    • 2.2.13. Proximus
    • 2.2.14. Tele2
    • 2.2.15. Telecom Italia
    • 2.2.16. Telefonica
    • 2.2.17. Telenor
    • 2.2.18. Telia Company
    • 2.2.19. Vodafone
  • 2.3. IoT managed service providers
    • 2.3.1. 1GLOBAL
    • 2.3.2. 1NCE
    • 2.3.3. 1oT
    • 2.3.4. Airnity
    • 2.3.5. BICS
    • 2.3.6. Com4 (Wireless Logic)
    • 2.3.7. Cubic
    • 2.3.8. CSL Group
    • 2.3.9. emnify
    • 2.3.10. Eseye
    • 2.3.11. floLIVE
    • 2.3.12. Freeeway
    • 2.3.13. Giesecke+Devrient
    • 2.3.14. iBASIS
    • 2.3.15. Onomondo
    • 2.3.16. Pelion
    • 2.3.17. Velos IoT
    • 2.3.18. Wireless Logic
  • 2.4. LPWA networks
    • 2.4.1. LoRa networks
    • 2.4.2. Sigfox and network partners

3. The Americas

  • 3.1. Regional market trends
    • 3.1.1. United States and Canada
    • 3.1.2. Brazil
    • 3.1.3. Rest of Latin America
  • 3.2. Mobile operators
    • 3.2.1. AT&T
    • 3.2.2. Bell
    • 3.2.3. Verizon
    • 3.2.4. T-Mobile USA
    • 3.2.5. Rogers Communications
    • 3.2.6. TELUS
    • 3.2.7. America Movil
    • 3.2.8. Vivo and Telefonica Hispam
    • 3.2.9. Other mobile operators in Latin America
  • 3.3. IoT managed service providers
    • 3.3.1. Aeris
    • 3.3.2. Hologram
    • 3.3.3. KORE Wireless
    • 3.3.4. Monogoto
    • 3.3.5. Semtech
    • 3.3.6. Teal
    • 3.3.7. Telit Cinterion
  • 3.4. LPWA networks
    • 3.4.1. LoRa networks
    • 3.4.2. Sigfox and network partners

4. Asia-Pacific

  • 4.1. Regional market trends
    • 4.1.1. China
    • 4.1.2. Japan and South Korea
    • 4.1.3. Australia and New Zealand
    • 4.1.4. India
    • 4.1.5. Southeast Asia
  • 4.2. Mobile operators
    • 4.2.1. China Mobile
    • 4.2.2. China Unicom
    • 4.2.3. China Telecom
    • 4.2.4. KDDI
    • 4.2.5. KT
    • 4.2.6. NTT
    • 4.2.7. Singtel
    • 4.2.8. SK Telecom
    • 4.2.9. SoftBank
    • 4.2.10. Telstra
    • 4.2.11. Vodafone Idea
  • 4.3. IoT managed service providers
    • 4.3.1. Lenovo Connect
    • 4.3.2. Plintron
    • 4.3.3. Quectel
    • 4.3.4. Soracom
    • 4.3.5. Tata Communications
  • 4.4. LPWA networks
    • 4.4.1. LoRa networks
    • 4.4.2. Sigfox networks

5. Middle East & Africa

  • 5.1. Regional market trends
    • 5.1.1. Middle East
    • 5.1.2. Africa
  • 5.2. Mobile operators
    • 5.2.1. e&
    • 5.2.2. MTN
    • 5.2.3. Ooredoo
    • 5.2.4. Turkcell
    • 5.2.5. Vodacom
    • 5.2.6. Zain
  • 5.3. IoT managed service providers
    • 5.3.1. Flickswitch
  • 5.4. LPWA networks
    • 5.4.1. LoRa networks
    • 5.4.2. Sigfox networks

6. Satellite IoT Communications

  • 6.1. Introduction to satellite IoT networks
  • 6.2. Market analysis
  • 6.3. Satellite IoT operator market shares
  • 6.4. European satellite operators
    • 6.4.1. Astrocast
    • 6.4.2. Eutelsat Group
    • 6.4.3. Kineis
    • 6.4.4. Lacuna Space
    • 6.4.5. OQ Technology
    • 6.4.6. Sateliot
    • 6.4.7. SES
    • 6.4.8. Additional satellite connectivity providers
  • 6.5. North American satellite operators
    • 6.5.1. Globalstar
    • 6.5.2. Iridium
    • 6.5.3. Ligado Networks
    • 6.5.4. Lynk
    • 6.5.5. Orbcomm
    • 6.5.6. Skylo
    • 6.5.7. Starlink (SpaceX)
    • 6.5.8. Viasat (Inmarsat)
    • 6.5.9. Additional satellite connectivity providers
  • 6.6. Chinese satellite operators
    • 6.6.1. CASC and CASIC
    • 6.6.2. Commsat
    • 6.6.3. Galaxy Space
    • 6.6.4. Head Aerospace
    • 6.6.5. Additional satellite connectivity providers
  • 6.7. Rest of World satellite operators
    • 6.7.1. Innova Space
    • 6.7.2. Myriota
    • 6.7.3. Plan-S
    • 6.7.4. Thuraya
    • 6.7.5. Additional satellite connectivity providers

7. Market Forecasts and Trends

  • 7.1. Industry trends
    • 7.1.1. Top ten mobile operators manage 3.3 billion cellular IoT subscribers
    • 7.1.2. IoT revenues continue to grow slower than connections
    • 7.1.3. IoT managed service providers connect 200+ million cellular devices
    • 7.1.4. The international connectivity segment is evolving
    • 7.1.5. New entrants disrupt distribution channels
    • 7.1.6. eSIMs and fragmentation of CMPs drive the need for orchestration capabilities
    • 7.1.7. IoT MVNOs are driving consolidation in the IoT connectivity market
    • 7.1.8. Mobile operators partner with satellite IoT players to extend coverage
    • 7.1.9. Private cellular to grow from a niche into a substantial market
  • 7.2. Geographic markets
    • 7.2.1. Global market summary
    • 7.2.2. Europe
    • 7.2.3. North America
    • 7.2.4. Latin America
    • 7.2.5. Asia-Pacific
    • 7.2.6. Middle East & Africa
  • 7.3. Vertical markets
    • 7.3.1. Connected cars on the rise
    • 7.3.2. Data consumption of connected cars will grow significantly
    • 7.3.3. Motor-powered two-wheeler telematics adoption picks up speed
    • 7.3.4. Telematics giants increasingly dominate the fleet management industry
    • 7.3.5. The opportunity to create smarter and safer cities
    • 7.3.6. Smart metering turns to new LPWA options for deployments in the 2020s
    • 7.3.7. Asset tracking to drive the second wave of LPWA deployments
    • 7.3.8. Connected healthcare reaches the masses
    • 7.3.9. Steady uptake of cellular connectivity in the POS terminal market
    • 7.3.10. Home energy and EV charging solutions to become new volume segments
  • 7.4. Technology trends
    • 7.4.1. Cellular technologies dominate wireless IoT
    • 7.4.2. NB-IoT uptake is growing on a project-by-project basis
    • 7.4.3. RedCap will accelerate the adoption of 5G in IoT
    • 7.4.4. Distributed core networks facilitate global IoT connectivity services
    • 7.4.5. The SGP.32 specification will lower the barriers for eSIM adoption in IoT
  • List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

List of Figures

  • Figure 1.1: Comparison of LTE Cat-1, LTE Cat-1 bis, LTE-M and NB-IoT specifications
  • Figure 1.2: Comparison of RedCap and eRedCap specifications
  • Figure 1.3: Technology positioning of RedCap in relation to eMBB, URLLC and mMTC
  • Figure 1.4: LoRaWAN network architecture
  • Figure 1.5: Select Sigfox network operators by country
  • Figure 1.6: MSS operator data services and coverage
  • Figure 1.7: IoT connectivity management platform by mobile operator (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 1.8: Overview of SIM form factors
  • Figure 1.9: Comparison between traditional SIM and eUICC lifecycle models
  • Figure 1.10: Mobile operator M2M/IoT alliances (Q1-2025)
  • Figure 2.1: Europe cellular IoT connectivity market data (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 2.2: Western Europe cellular IoT connectivity market data (Q2-2024)
  • Figure 2.3: Germany cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.4: Italy cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.5: UK & Ireland cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.6: France cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.7: Spain & Portugal cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.8: Benelux cellular IoT market connectivity data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.9: Nordics cellular IoT market connectivity data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.10: Sweden cellular IoT data traffic and revenues (2021-2024)
  • Figure 2.11: Central & Eastern Europe cellular IoT connectivity market data (Q2-2024)
  • Figure 2.12: Russia cellular IoT market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.13: Objenious' Getway platform
  • Figure 2.14: T IoT Hub platform integrations
  • Figure 2.15: Orange cellular IoT connections by country (2019-2024)
  • Figure 2.16: Telefonica cellular IoT connections by country (2019-2024)
  • Figure 2.17: Financial data for Telenor Connexion (2022-2024)
  • Figure 2.18: Telenor IoT's IoT Complete solution
  • Figure 2.19: Telia Company IoT subscribers by country (2020-2024)
  • Figure 2.20: IoT managed service providers in Europe by installed base (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 2.21: Eseye's SMARTconnect solution
  • Figure 2.22: Eseye's Infinity IoT Connectivity Management Platform
  • Figure 2.23: The floCONTROL dashboard
  • Figure 2.24: Public LoRaWAN network operators in Europe (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 2.25: Sigfox network operators in Europe (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 3.1: The Americas cellular IoT connectivity market data (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 3.2: US cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 3.3: Brazil cellular IoT market connectivity data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 3.4: Estimated number of IoT subscribers in Latin America ex. Brazil (2024)
  • Figure 3.5: Telefonica's cellular IoT connections in Latin America (2020-2024)
  • Figure 3.6: IoT managed service providers in North America by installed base (2024)
  • Figure 3.7: Semtech's Carrier+ offering
  • Figure 3.8: Public LoRaWAN network operators in the Americas (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 3.9: Amazon Sidewalk network coverage
  • Figure 3.10: Sigfox network operators in the Americas (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 4.1: Asia-Pacific cellular IoT connectivity market data (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 4.2: China cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 4.3: Japan cellular IoT connectivity market data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 4.4: South Korea cellular IoT connectivity data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 4.5: Cellular IoT subscribers by application category (South Korea, Q4-2024)
  • Figure 4.6: China Mobile IoT business KPIs (2020-2024)
  • Figure 4.7: China Unicom IoT business KPIs (2019-2024)
  • Figure 4.8: Telstra IoT business KPIs (2019-2024)
  • Figure 4.9: IoT managed service providers in Asia-Pacific by installed base (2024)
  • Figure 4.10: Soracom's product portfolio
  • Figure 4.11: Public LoRaWAN network operators in Asia-Pacific (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 4.12: Sigfox network operators in Asia-Pacific (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 5.1: Middle East & Africa cellular IoT connectivity market data (Q2-2024)
  • Figure 5.2: Turkey cellular IoT market connectivity data (2020-2024)
  • Figure 5.3: Vodacom IoT business KPIs (FY2021-FY2025)
  • Figure 5.4: Public LoRaWAN network operators in Middle East & Africa (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 5.5: Sigfox network operators in Middle East & Africa (Q2-2025)
  • Figure 6.1: The main satellite orbits
  • Figure 6.2: Satellite network operators by IoT subscriber base (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 7.1: Top 10 mobile operators by IoT connections (World 2024)
  • Figure 7.2: Top mobile operators by IoT connectivity revenues (World 2024)
  • Figure 7.3: Top 10 IoT managed service providers by IoT connections (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 7.4: Merger & acquisition activity in the IoT connectivity market (2019-2025)
  • Figure 7.5: Announced satellite IoT partnerships
  • Figure 7.6: Key regional markets for cellular IoT (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 7.7: Monthly ARPU data for cellular IoT by country (2024)
  • Figure 7.8: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by region (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.9: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by region (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.10: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by vertical (Europe 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.11: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by vertical (Europe 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.12: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by vertical (NA 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.13: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by vertical (NA 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.14: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by vertical (LATAM 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.15: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by vertical (LATAM 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.16: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by vertical (APAC 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.17: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by vertical (APAC 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.18: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by vertical (MEA 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.19: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by vertical (MEA 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.20: Cellular IoT connections forecast, by vertical (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.21: Cellular IoT connectivity revenue forecast, by vertical (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.22: Top five cellular IoT connectivity providers for connected cars (Q4-2024)
  • Figure 7.23: Average annual data consumption per connected car (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.24: Top 25 international providers of fleet management solutions (Q4-2023)
  • Figure 7.25: Cellular IoT connections by network technology (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.26: Non-cellular IoT connections by technology (World 2023-2029)
  • Figure 7.27: Cost comparison between high-speed 4G LTE modules and 5G modules
  • Figure 7.28: eSIM IoT connections (World 2023-2029)