永續能源研究評論：2024

全球二氧化碳移除 (CDR) 市場規模預計將從 2023 年的 21 億美元增至 2028 年底的 81 億美元，預測期內的複合年成長率為 31.0%。

全球碳權市場規模預計將從 2024 年的 3,426 億美元增至 2029 年底的 1.2 兆美元，預測期內的複合年成長率為 28.4%。

全球生物煉製廠產品和應用市場規模預計將從 2024 年的 7,752 億美元成長到 2029 年底的近 1.2 兆美元，預測期內的複合年成長率為 8.8%。

綠色能源轉型氛圍不斷營造，全球難脫碳產業脫碳進程不斷推進。這一趨勢凸顯了永續能源實踐的重要性，它可以幫助企業減少和管理碳排放。市場上有各種永續技術，包括碳捕獲、利用和儲存、二氧化碳去除和碳權。隨著人們對維護環境永續性的興趣日益增加，這些技術預計將顯著成長，因此需要大量的研究和開發來證明這些技術在全球市場上的可行性和適用性。

目前，全球已有40個國家、20個城市實施碳定價。世界銀行宣布，到2023年，排放交易體系和碳排放稅的收入可能達到1,040億美元。這些計畫涵蓋了全球約24%的溫室氣體排放，預計2030年將達到50%。此外，永續船用燃料是比化石燃料更清潔、能量密集的重油。然而，它在全球船用燃料消耗中所佔比例不到 1%。航運業和燃料製造商對無污染燃料的積極展望預計將推動對永續燃料的需求。

本研究評論包括 BCC Research 於 2024 年發布的有關二氧化碳去除 (CDR)、碳權、生物煉製廠產品和應用以及永續海洋燃料的報告的亮點和摘錄，並包括全面的市場概述、市場影響因素和市場機會的分析、法律制度、新興技術和技術發展、市場規模趨勢和預測以及各個細分市場和地區的詳細分析。

目錄

第1章 引言

2. 全球二氧化碳去除（CDR）市場（ENV069A）

• 研究範圍
• 市場展望
• 市場摘要
• 市場概覽
• 氣候監理與政策
• 《巴黎協定》
• 歐洲綠色交易
• 京都議定書
• 碳定價
• 宏觀經濟因素分析
• 價值鏈分析：二氧化碳去除
• 波特五力分析
• SWOT分析
• 市場動態
• 市場成長推進因素
• 市場挑戰
• 市場抑制
• 市場機會
• 全球 CDR 市場（依技術類型）
• 關鍵要點
• 生物炭
• 強化/碳礦化
• 直接空氣捕獲（DAC）
• 生質能源與二氧化碳捕集和儲存（BECCS）
• 海洋鹼化
• 其他
• 全球 CDR 市場（按地區）
• 關鍵要點
• 北美洲
• 歐洲、中東和非洲
• 亞太地區
• 南美洲

3. 碳權市場：全球展望（EGY200A）

• 市場展望
• 研究範圍
• 執行摘要
• 碳權市場：概述
• 碳定價
• 京都議定書
• 《巴黎協定》
• 歐洲綠色交易
• 碳權市場宏觀經濟因素分析
• 價值鏈分析
• SWOT分析
• 全球市場動態
• 市場推進因素
• 市場挑戰
• 市場機會
• 市場抑制
• 市場趨勢
• 碳權市場最終用戶分析
• 力量
• 能源
• 運輸
• 建築與施工
• 其他
• 碳權市場區域分析
• 歐洲
• 亞太地區
• 北美洲
• 其他地區
• 碳權產業的永續性：ESG視角
• ESG：簡介
• 環境問題
• 社會問題
• 管治問題
• ESG 的未來：新興趨勢與機會
• BCC的結語

第4章生物煉製廠產品與應用－世界市場（EGY117E）

• 市場展望
• 研究範圍
• 摘要與重點
• 生物煉製廠產品及應用：市場概覽
• 生質能
• 生物製品
• 生物煉製廠產品
• 市場動態
• 市場推進因素
• 市場機會
• 市場抑制
• 市場挑戰
• 新興技術和發展
• 污水能源
• 共溶劑增強木質纖維素分餾（CELF）
• AI
• 碳捕獲與利用（CCU）
• 生物煉製廠產品及應用市場（依應用）
• 關鍵要點
• 生質燃料
• 生物基化學品
• 生物材料
• 生質能源
• 製藥和醫療保健
• 生物煉製廠產品及應用市場（按地區）
• 關鍵要點
• 北美洲
• 歐洲
• 亞太地區
• 其他地區
• 生物煉製廠產品產業的 ESG
• 生物煉製廠產品產業的 ESG 實踐
• ESG 的未來：新興趨勢與機會
• 結論

5. 全球永續海洋燃料市場 (EGY198A)

• 市場展望
• 研究範圍
• 市場洞察
• 永續船用燃料：市場概覽
• 生質燃料
• 氫
• 氨
• 生物甲醇
• 宏觀經濟因素分析
• 波特五力分析
• 價值鏈分析
• SWOT分析
• 永續海洋燃料市場中的氣候政策和法規
• 國際海事組織海洋環境保護委員會（MEPC）
• 《巴黎協定》
• 歐洲綠色交易
• 永續船用燃料：市場動態
• 市場推進因素
• 市場挑戰
• 市場抑制
• 市場機會
• 新興技術和發展
• 藻類原料的開發
• 永續船用燃料市場分析（依燃料類型）
• 概述
• 生質燃料
• 生物甲醇
• 氨
• 氫
• 永續船用燃料市場（按地區）分析
• 概述
• 亞太地區
• 歐洲
• 北美洲
• 中東和非洲
• 南美洲
• 永續海洋燃料產業的 ESG 發展
• 產業ESG實踐
• ESG 的未來：新興趨勢與機會
• BCC的結語

第6章 附錄

The global market for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is expected to grow from $2.1 billion in 2023 to reach $8.1 billion by the end of 2028, at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 31.0% from 2023 through 2028.

The global market for carbon credits is expected to grow from $342.6 billion in 2024 to reach $1.2 trillion by the end of 2029, at a CAGR of 28.4% from 2024 through 2029.

The global market for biorefinery products and applications is expected to grow from $775.2 billion in 2024 to nearly $1.2 trillion by the end of 2029, at a CAGR of 8.8% from 2024 through 2029.

Research Review Scope:

The developing landscape of the green energy transition is underway to achieve decarbonization of hard-to-abate industries globally. This trend has increased the importance of sustainable energy practices, that allow organizations to reduce and manage their carbon emissions. There are various sustainable technologies that are gaining traction in the market such as carbon capture, utilization, storage, carbon dioxide removal, carbon credits among others. These technologies are expected to grow significantly, with a growing focus on maintaining environmental sustainability, hence, much R&D is required to demonstrate the viability and applicability of these technologies in the global market.

Currently, 40 countries and 20 cities across the globe have adopted carbon pricing. The World Bank announced that the revenues from ETS and carbon taxes reached $104 billion in 2023. These instruments covered around 24% of the global GHGs and were expected to reach 50% by 2030. Furthermore, sustainable marine fuels are cleaner versions of fossil-based energy dense heavy oils. However, it accounts for less than 1% share in total marine fuel consumed across the globe. The positive outlook towards clean fuels by shipping industry and fuel producers is expected to propel the demand for sustainable fuels.

Research Reviews from BCC Research provide market professionals with concise market coverage within a specific research category. This 2024 Research Review of sustainable energy provides a sampling of the type of quantitative market information, analysis, and guidance that BCC Research has been developing since its inception in 1971 to help its customers make informed business decisions. This

Research Review includes highlights and excerpts from the following reports published by BCC Research in 2024:

• ENV069A Carbon Dioxide Removals (CDR) Market.
• EGY200A Carbon Credits Market: Global Outlook.
• EGY117E Biorefinery Products and Applications: Global Markets.
• EGY198A Global Sustainable Marine Fuel Market.

After you survey the excerpts in this Research Review, we encourage you to follow up on these topics by checking out the full market research reports associated with each topic. BCC Research looks forward

to serving your market intelligence needs in the future.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Foreword

• Research Review Scope

Chapter 2 Global Carbon Dioxide Removals (CDR) Market (ENV069A)

• Scope of Report
• Market Outlook
• Market Summary
• Market Overview
• Climate Regulations and Policies
• The Paris Agreement
• The European Green Deal
• Kyoto Protocol
• Carbon Pricing
• Macroeconomic Factors Analysis
• Value Chain Analysis: Carbon Dioxide Removal
• Porter's Five Forces Analysis
• SWOT Analysis
• Market Dynamics
• Market Driver
• Market Challenge
• Market Restraint
• Market Opportunity
• Global CDR Market, by Technology Type
• Key Takeaways
• Biochar
• Enhanced/Carbon Mineralization
• Direct Air Capture (DAC)
• Bioenergy With Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)
• Ocean Alkalinization
• Others
• Global CDR Market, by Region
• Key Takeaways
• North America
• Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)
• Asia-Pacific (APAC)
• South America

Chapter 3 Carbon Credits Market: Global Outlook (EGY200A)

• Market Outlook
• Scope of Report
• Executive Summary
• Carbon Credits Market Overview
• Carbon Pricing
• Kyoto Protocol
• The Paris Agreement
• European Green Deal
• Macroeconomic Factors Analysis in the Carbon Credit Market
• Value Chain Analysis
• SWOT Analysis
• Global Market Dynamics
• Market Driver
• Market Challenge
• Market Opportunity
• Market Restraint
• Market Trend
• Carbon Credits Market Analysis, by End-User
• Power
• Energy
• Transportation
• Building and Construction
• Other Industries
• Carbon Credits Market Analysis, by Region
• Europe
• Asia-Pacific (APAC)
• North America
• Rest of the World (RoW)
• Sustainability in the Carbon Credit Industry: ESG Perspective
• Introduction to ESG
• Environmental Issues
• Social Issues
• Governance Issues
• Future of ESG: Emerging Trends and Opportunities
• Concluding Remarks from BCC Research

Chapter 4 Biorefinery Products and Applications: Global Markets (EGY117E)

• Market Outlook
• Scope of Report
• Summary and Highlights
• Biorefinery Products and Applications: Market Overview
• Biomass
• Bioproducts
• Biorefinery Products
• Market Dynamics
• Market Driver
• Market Opportunity
• Market Restraint
• Market Challenge
• Emerging Technologies and Developments
• Wastewater to Energy
• Co-solvent Enhanced Lignocellulosic Fractionation (CELF)
• Artificial Intelligence
• Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU)
• Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application
• Key Takeaways
• Biofuels
• Biobased Chemicals
• Biomaterials
• Bioenergy
• Medicines and Healthcare
• Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Region
• Key Takeaways
• North America
• Europe
• Asia-Pacific
• Rest of the World (RoW)
• ESG in the Biorefinery Products Industry
• ESG Practices in the Biorefinery Products Industry
• Future of ESG: Emerging Trends and Opportunities
• Concluding Remarks

Chapter 5 Global Sustainable Marine Fuel Market (EGY198A)

• Market Outlook
• Scope of Report
• Market Insights
• Sustainable Marine Fuel Market Overview
• Biofuels
• Hydrogen
• Ammonia
• Bio-methanol
• Macroeconomic Factors Analysis
• Porter's Five Forces Analysis
• Value Chain Analysis
• SWOT Analysis
• Climate Policies and Regulations in Sustainable Marine Fuel Market
• IMO Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)
• The Paris Agreement
• The European Green Deal
• Market Dynamics of Sustainable Marine Fuels
• Market Driver
• Market Challenge
• Market Restraint
• Market Opportunity
• Emerging Technologies and Developments
• Development of Algae-based Feedstock
• Sustainable Marine Fuel Market Analysis by Fuel Type
• Overview
• Biofuel
• Bio-methanol
• Ammonia
• Hydrogen
• Sustainable Marine Fuel Market Analysis by Region
• Overview
• Asia-Pacific (APAC)
• Europe
• North America
• Middle East and Africa (MEA)
• South America
• ESG Developments in the Sustainable Marine Fuel Industry
• ESG Practices in the Industry
• Future of ESG: Emerging Trends and Opportunities
• Concluding Remarks from BCC Research

Chapter 6 Appendix

• Methodology
• Analyst's Credentials

List of Tables

• Table 1 : Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Region, Through 2028
• Table 2 : Global Market Volume for Carbon Dioxide Removal, Through 2028
• Table 3 : Post-2020 National Emission Reduction, by Country
• Table 4 : CO2 Emissions, by Fossil Fuels, by Country, 2021
• Table 5 : Comparison of Different CDR Technologies
• Table 6 : Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Technology Type, Through 2028
• Table 7 : Carbon Stability of Biochar
• Table 8 : Major Developments in Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Biochar Technology, 2023
• Table 9 : Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Region, Through 2028
• Table 10 : Global Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, Through 2029
• Table 11 : Carbon Taxes, by Country, 2023
• Table 12 : Carbon Credit Pricing, by Project Type
• Table 13 : Global Carbon Credits Market, by Value and Volume, Through 2029
• Table 14 : Key Roles of Carbon Credit Industry Actors
• Table 15 : Recent Developments in DAC Projects, 2022-2024
• Table 16 : Carbon Credits Purchased, by Citigroup as its ESG Practices
• Table 17 : Global Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, Through 2029
• Table 18 : Global Market for Carbon Credits in Power, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 19 : Global Market for Carbon Credits in Energy, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 20 : Global Market for Carbon Credits in Transportation, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 21 : Global Market for Carbon Credits in Building and Construction, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 22 : Global Market for Carbon Credits in Other Industries, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 23 : Global Market for Carbon Credits, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 24 : Carbon Pricing Revenues, by Instrument Type, 2023
• Table 25 : European Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, Through 2029
• Table 26 : Compliance Carbon Pricing Instruments in Europe
• Table 27 : Asia-Pacific Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, Through 2029
• Table 28 : Compliance Carbon Pricing Instruments in Asia-Pacific
• Table 29 : North American Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, Through 2029
• Table 30 : Compliance Carbon Pricing Instruments in North America
• Table 31 : Rest of World Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, Through 2029
• Table 32 : Compliance Carbon Pricing Instruments in the Middle East and Africa
• Table 33 : Compliance Carbon Pricing Instruments in South America
• Table 34 : Global Market for Biorefinery Products, by Product Type, Through 2029
• Table 35 : Phases of Biorefineries
• Table 36 : Biorefinery Outlook
• Table 37 : Global Distribution of Biorefineries, 2022
• Table 38 : Petroleum Raw Materials with Biobased Materials
• Table 39 : Recent Developments in the Biobased Industry, 2021-2024
• Table 40 : Biomass, Biobased Products and Biorefinery Products
• Table 41 : Ranking of Regions, by Total Energy Contained in Residue Produced
• Table 42 : Facts Related to Energy Crops
• Table 43 : Global Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application, Through 2029
• Table 44 : Biofuels, by Type
• Table 45 : Biofuel Adoption and Related Policies, by Region
• Table 46 : Global Market for Biofuel Application in Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 47 : Biobased Chemicals, by Type
• Table 48 : Biobased Chemicals, by Country/Region
• Table 49 : Global Market for Biobased Chemicals, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 50 : Biomaterials, by Type
• Table 51 : Biomaterial Adoption and Related Policies, by Region/Country
• Table 52 : Global Market for Biomaterial Applications, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 53 : Bioenergy, by Type
• Table 54 : Bioenergy Adoption and Related Policies, by Region
• Table 55 : Global Market for Bioenergy Applications, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 56 : Biobased Medicines and Healthcare, by Type
• Table 57 : Biobased Medicines and Healthcare, by Region
• Table 58 : Global Market for Biobased Medicines and Healthcare Applications, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 59 : Global Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Region, Through 2029
• Table 60 : North American Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Country, Through 2029
• Table 61 : North American Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Source, Through 2029
• Table 62 : North American Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Product, Through 2029
• Table 63 : North American Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application, Through 2029
• Table 64 : European Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Country, Through 2029
• Table 65 : European Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Source, Through 2029
• Table 66 : European Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Product, Through 2029
• Table 67 : European Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application, Through 2029
• Table 68 : Asia-Pacific Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Country, Through 2029
• Table 69 : Asia-Pacific Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Source, Through 2029
• Table 70 : Asia-Pacific Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Product, Through 2029
• Table 71 : Asia-Pacific Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application, Through 2029
• Table 72 : RoW Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Sub-Region, Through 2029
• Table 73 : RoW Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Source, Through 2029
• Table 74 : RoW Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Product, Through 2029
• Table 75 : RoW Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application, Through 2029
• Table 76 : ESG Metrics
• Table 77 : ESG Diversity Issues
• Table 78 : ESG Employee Safety and Labor Practices Issues
• Table 79 : ESG Resource Efficiency and Emissions Issues
• Table 80 : ESG Waste Reduction Issues
• Table 81 : ESG Sustainable Supply Chain Issues
• Table 82 : ESG Corporate Behavior Issues
• Table 83 : Global Market for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Fuel Type, Through 2028
• Table 84 : Overview of Alternative Fuels and their Production Pathways
• Table 85 : Algae-based Biofuel Companies
• Table 86 : Global Market for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Fuel Type, Through 2028
• Table 87 : Global Market Volume for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Fuel Type, Through 2028
• Table 88 : Increase in Biofuel Use in All Ships of 5,000 GT and Above, 2021 and 2022
• Table 89 : Potential Biofuels for the Shipping Industry
• Table 90 : Maersk's Renewable Methanol Projects
• Table 91 : Demonstrations of the Use of Ammonia in the Maritime Sector, 2020-2024
• Table 92 : Ports Supplying the Most Marine Fuel, 2022
• Table 93 : Bio-blend Fuel Supply by Supplier, 2022 and 2023
• Table 94 : Global Market for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Region, Through 2028
• Table 95 : World's Largest Container Ports, by Throughput, 2021-2023
• Table 96 : Bio-blended Fuel Supply, Rotterdam Port, 2021-2023
• Table 97 : Green Energy Investment Initiatives, by European Country

List of Figures

• Figure 1 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Region, 2022
• Figure 2 : Annual CO2 Emissions, by Fossil Fuels, 2015-2022
• Figure 3 : Carbon Taxes, by Country, 2021
• Figure 4 : Carbon Dioxide Removal Value Chain
• Figure 5 : Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) Value Chain
• Figure 6 : Porter's Five Forces Analysis: Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal
• Figure 7 : SWOT Analysis: Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal
• Figure 8 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Technology Type, 2022
• Figure 9 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Technology Type, 2028
• Figure 10 : Biochar Applications
• Figure 11 : Ocean-Based CDR Technologies
• Figure 12 : Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal by Region
• Figure 13 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Region, 2022
• Figure 14 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, by Region, 2028
• Figure 15 : North American Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2022-2028
• Figure 16 : EMEA Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2022-2028
• Figure 17 : Asia-Pacific Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2022-2028
• Figure 18 : South American Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2022-2028
• Figure 19 : South American Market for Carbon Dioxide Removal, 2022-2028
• Figure 20 : Value Chain for Carbon Credit Market
• Figure 21 : SWOT Analysis: Global Carbon Credits Market
• Figure 22 : Benefits of Blockchain Technology in Carbon Credit Industry
• Figure 23 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, 2023
• Figure 24 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits in Power, by Region, 2023
• Figure 25 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits in Energy, by Region, 2023
• Figure 26 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits in Transportation, by Region, 2023
• Figure 27 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits in Building and Construction, by Region, 2023
• Figure 28 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits in Other Industries, by Region, 2023
• Figure 29 : Global Share of Power Generation Sources, 2018-2021
• Figure 30 : Share of Global Market for Carbon Credits, by Region, 2023
• Figure 31 : Share of European Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, 2023
• Figure 32 : Share of Total GHG Emissions (MTCO2e) in China, by CRF Category, 2023
• Figure 33 : Share of Asia-Pacific Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, 2023
• Figure 34 : Share of North American Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, 2023
• Figure 35 : Share of Rest of World Market for Carbon Credits, by End User, 2023
• Figure 36 : Global Market for Biorefinery Products, by Product Type, 2023-2029
• Figure 37 : Share of Global Bioenergy Supply, by Segment, 2020
• Figure 38 : Overview of Separation and Purification Processes
• Figure 39 : Dedicated Energy Crops, by Category
• Figure 40 : Concept of the Circular Economy
• Figure 41 : Share of Global Market for Biorefinery Products and Applications, by Application, 2023
• Figure 42 : Share of Global Market for Biorefinery Products, by Region, 2023
• Figure 43 : Overview of ESG Factors
• Figure 44 : Share of Global Market for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Fuel Type, 2022
• Figure 45 : Electricity Required to Generate 1 kg of Hydrogen, by Technology
• Figure 46 : Porter's Five Forces Analysis of Sustainable Marine Fuel Market
• Figure 47 : Value Chain Analysis of Sustainable Marine Fuel Market
• Figure 48 : SWOT Analysis of Sustainable Marine Fuel Market
• Figure 49 : CO2 Emissions by Fossil Fuels, 2018-2023
• Figure 50 : Annual CO2 Emissions per Capita, by Country/Region, 2021-2023
• Figure 51 : Share of Global Market for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Fuel Type, 2022
• Figure 52 : Share of Global Market Volume for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Fuel Type, 2022
• Figure 53 : Biofuel as Marine Fuel: Drivers and Challenges
• Figure 54 : Bio-methanol as Marine Fuel: Drivers and Challenges
• Figure 55 : Ammonia as Marine Fuel: Drivers and Challenges
• Figure 56 : Hydrogen as Marine Fuel: Drivers and Challenges
• Figure 57 : Share of Global Market for Sustainable Marine Fuel, by Region, 2022